Bowel Elimination Assessment Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of a guaiac test?

  • To detect the presence of occult blood in stool (correct)
  • To analyze stool consistency and odor
  • To determine the shape of the abdomen
  • To assess bowel sounds in the intestines

    • What is a typical characteristic of steatorrhea?

  • Normally formed and odorless stools
  • Fluffy, floats on water, and foul odor (correct)
  • Smooth and pale appearance
  • Hard and marble-like consistency

    • What does it indicate if there is bright red blood in the stool?

  • Bleeding from the stomach
  • Hemorrhoids or bleeding from the small intestines (correct)
  • Colon cancer or pancreatitis
  • Liver or gallbladder disease

    • Which stool characteristic may suggest a lack of bile in the intestines?

    <p>Pale or clay-colored</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During a bowel assessment, how long should one listen for bowel sounds before declaring them absent?

    <p>3 to 5 minutes in each quadrant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a sign of increased peristalsis in the presence of an impaction?

    <p>Hyperactive bowel sounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal auditory characteristic of bowel sounds during auscultation?

    <p>Soft gurgles and irregular clicks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stool appearance may indicate inflammation or infection in the intestinal mucosa?

    <p>Contains blood, mucus, and pus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a hemoccult test?

    <p>To detect hidden blood in stool</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is least likely to require a bowel diversion?

    <p>Appendicitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes an ileostomy from a colostomy?

    <p>Ileostomy involves the ileum; colostomy involves the colon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a Kock pouch?

    <p>To assist in controlling effluent from an ileostomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What forms the new opening created when a bowel diversion is implemented?

    <p>Stoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stool consistency is expected from a colostomy located in the descending colon?

    <p>Formed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is a single-barreled stoma typically created?

    <p>When the distal colon is permanently removed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about bowel diversions is true?

    <p>Ostomy appliances are used to collect effluent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an indication of hypoactive bowel sounds?

    <p>More than 5 sounds per minute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which intervention is NOT effective in managing constipation?

    <p>Providing a high-fat diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes borborygmi?

    <p>High-pitched or tinkling sounds in one quadrant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended fiber intake per day for most adults?

    <p>25 to 35 grams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors does NOT commonly contribute to constipation?

    <p>Increased fluid intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What nursing intervention ensures privacy during bowel elimination?

    <p>Closing the door and waiting outside the curtain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should medications for constipation primarily work?

    <p>By stimulating peristalsis or softening stool</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered a fundamental nursing intervention for patients with constipation?

    <p>Ambulating the patient at least three to four times daily if possible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the appearance of a new stoma typically be?

    <p>Pink to red, shiny, and moist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended action to take when the ostomy appliance bag is one-third to one-half full?

    <p>Empty the appliance bag</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an important aspect of assessing the stoma and peristomal skin?

    <p>Both B and C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often should the faceplate of an ostomy appliance typically be changed?

    <p>Every 3 to 5 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a nurse avoid when providing skin care around the stoma?

    <p>Irritation or excoriation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature indicates a potential problem with stoma blood supply?

    <p>Pallor or cyanosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an appropriate method for determining stoma size?

    <p>Measuring with a stoma measuring device made of card stock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Irrigation of a colostomy is typically performed for which purpose?

    <p>To evacuate stool due to constipation or postoperatively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the kidneys in relation to waste products?

    <p>To eliminate waste products before they become toxic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a waste product that the kidneys need to eliminate?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What color indicates normal urine production in terms of hydration?

    <p>Straw-colored</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe the presence of blood in urine?

    <p>Hematuria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is urine production categorized when it is less than 30 mL per hour?

    <p>Oliguria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common abnormal odor of urine that may indicate a medical issue?

    <p>Sweet or fruity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could be a reason for the kidneys to produce an excessive amount of urine, known as polyuria?

    <p>Consumption of alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What treatment might be ordered for patients in serious kidney failure?

    <p>Dialysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Stool Characteristics

    • Occult blood is hidden blood in stool, detected by a guaiac test
    • Steatorrhea is fatty, foul-smelling stool caused by high undigested fat content
    • Ribbon-shaped stool can indicate colon cancer
    • Stool with blood, mucus, pus indicates inflammation or infection of the intestinal mucosa
    • Threadlike worms and granules in stool could be parasite eggs
    • Pale or clay-colored stool indicates a lack of bile in the intestines, possibly due to liver or gallbladder disease
    • Bright red blood in stool suggests hemorrhoids
    • Maroon-colored blood in stool indicates bleeding from the small intestines
    • Black, tarry stool (Melena) with a foul odor signifies bleeding from the stomach

    Bowel Elimination Assessment

    • Assess abdomen shape: Should be rounded or flat, not distended or inflated
    • Auscultate bowel sounds with a stethoscope diaphragm in each quadrant (at least once per shift)
    • Normal bowel sounds: Soft gurgles, irregular clicks (5-30 per minute)
    • Hypoactive bowel sounds: Less than 5 per minute, may indicate constipation
    • Hyperactive bowel sounds: More than 30 per minute or continuous, may indicate diarrhea
    • Borborygmi: Excessively loud gurgling, may indicate hunger or bowel obstruction

    Constipation

    • Causes: Decreased activity, changes in food intake, medication side effects, decreased fluid intake, surgery, pregnancy, depression, aging, laxative overuse, nerve damage
    • Nursing Interventions: Increase activity, improve fluid and fiber intake, provide privacy, assist with positioning, administer medications

    Bowel Diversions

    • Reasons for Diversions: Cancerous tumor, infarcted bowel, Crohn’s disease, ruptured diverticulum, ulcerative colitis, traumatic abdominal injury, bowel perforation
    • Ostomy: New opening for bowel diversion through the abdominal wall
    • Ileostomy: Diversion of the ileum, a part of the small intestine
    • Colostomy: Diversion of a part of the large intestine (colon)

    Stoma and Effluent

    • Single-barreled or end stoma: One opening in a colostomy, if the distal colon is permanently removed
    • Stool Consistency: Dependent on the location of the colostomy
    • Ileostomy Effluent: Collected and stored in a Kock pouch, an internal reservoir

    Ostomy Nursing Care

    • Assessment: Contour and color of the abdomen, scars, surgical site, presence of a dressing, sutures, drains, stoma size, edema, color, moisture level, peristomal skin appearance, effluent characteristics, fit of the appliance
    • Stoma Appearance: New stoma should be pink to red, shiny and moist; pallor, cyanosis, or dusky color indicates impaired blood supply; black indicates necrosis
    • Measuring a Stoma: Use a stoma measuring device
    • Selecting an Ostomy Appliance: One-piece unit with attached adhesive disk
    • Emptying the Appliance: Empty when it is one-third to one-half full
    • Providing Skin Care: Wash the stoma and skin with warm water, mild soap, and pat dry
    • Irrigating a Colostomy: May be necessary for constipation or postoperatively for stomas located in the descending or sigmoid colon

    Urine Characteristics

    • Normal Urine: Straw-colored, clear, without sediment
    • Darker Urine: Indicates dehydration
    • Cloudy Urine: Indicates presence of fat globules, red or white blood cells, or bacteria
    • Hematuria: Blood in the urine, either visible or microscopic
    • Turbidity: Cloudiness due to excessive alkaline pH or crystals
    • Odor: Mildly aromatic; abnormal odors include sweet/fruity, ammonia-like, or foul
    • Amount: Normal range is 1,000 to 3,000 mL in 24 hours, minimum hourly output is 30 mL

    Urinary Output Variations

    • Oliguria: Output less than 30 mL per hour, causes include decreased fluid intake, dehydration, illness, urinary obstruction, renal failure
    • Polyuria: Output greater than 3,000 mL per day, causes include excessive water consumption, alcohol consumption, temporary illness, kidney's inability to reabsorb water/diuretics
    • Anuria: Absence of urine production, causes include urinary tract obstruction, kidney failure
    • Dialysis: Process of using a machine to filter waste products, salts, and remove excess fluid from the blood

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    Test your knowledge on stool characteristics and bowel elimination assessments. This quiz covers various fecal indicators, their potential health implications, and assessment techniques for bowel sounds. Enhance your understanding of clinical signs related to gastrointestinal health.

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