Podcast
Questions and Answers
What gives stool its characteristic brown color?
What gives stool its characteristic brown color?
Which condition does black stool color indicate?
Which condition does black stool color indicate?
What does bright red stool color (Hematochezia) indicate?
What does bright red stool color (Hematochezia) indicate?
What is the primary purpose of stool analysis?
What is the primary purpose of stool analysis?
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What causes the oxidation in the black color of stool due to upper GIT bleeding?
What causes the oxidation in the black color of stool due to upper GIT bleeding?
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Which of these symptoms might prompt a stool analysis?
Which of these symptoms might prompt a stool analysis?
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Which is NOT a macroscopic feature examined in a general stool test?
Which is NOT a macroscopic feature examined in a general stool test?
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Which of the following is NOT a cause of black stool?
Which of the following is NOT a cause of black stool?
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What percentage of stool is made up of water?
What percentage of stool is made up of water?
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Which of the following colors indicates lower GIT bleeding due to piles?
Which of the following colors indicates lower GIT bleeding due to piles?
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Which condition might be due to a parasitic infection?
Which condition might be due to a parasitic infection?
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Which of the following substances is a primary component of stool?
Which of the following substances is a primary component of stool?
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Which macroscopic feature of stool examination involves visual inspection for parasites?
Which macroscopic feature of stool examination involves visual inspection for parasites?
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What might the presence of undigested foodstuffs in stool indicate?
What might the presence of undigested foodstuffs in stool indicate?
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Study Notes
General Stool Examination (GST)
- A comprehensive examination of stool that involves macroscopic and microscopic analysis
Macroscopic Examination
- Color of stool: normally brown due to stercobilin and urobinin produced by bacterial degradation of bilirubin
- Odor: indicative of underlying health conditions
- PH (reaction): measures acidity or alkalinity of stool
- Consistency of stool: ranges from hard and dry to soft and watery
- Naked eye parasite: visible parasites or worms in stool
- Gross blood and mucus and pus: indicators of bleeding, inflammation, or infection
Abnormal Stool Colors
- Black: indicative of iron medication or upper GIT bleeding (peptic ulcer, stomach carcinoma, or esophageal varices)
- Bright red (Hematochezia): indicative of lower GIT bleeding (piles and anal fissure)
Stool Analysis
- A series of tests performed on a stool sample to aid in diagnosing gastrointestinal disorders
- Reasons for stool analysis:
- Abdominal pain or discomfort
- Diarrhea
- Anemia
- Unexplained weight loss or gain
- Changes in stool color (yellow or white)
- Skin diseases suspected to be caused by parasitic infections
Composition of Stool
- Main components: cellulose, undigested food residue, bacteria, and water (~70%)
- Other normal constituents: epithelial cells, few white blood cells, red blood cells, mucus, pancreatic secretions, bile, and electrolytes
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Description
This quiz covers the macroscopic examination of stool, including its color, odor, pH, consistency, and other characteristics.
