PG112-115 Bourdieu's Theory on Economic Inequality and Cultural Advantages

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According to the passage, what is the key difference between the 'nurtured' and 'nurturing' child?

The 'nurtured' child experiences childhood in a time of wealth, while the 'nurturing' child experiences it in a time of poverty.

The 'nurtured' child contributes to the family's capital, while the 'nurturing' child draws upon it.

The 'nurtured' child is looked after, while the 'nurturing' child looks after others. (correct)

The 'nurtured' child attends private boarding school, while the 'nurturing' child does not.

What does the passage suggest about the experiences of upper-class children in many countries?

They are more likely to attend private boarding schools.

They are more likely to be 'nurtured' during their childhood.

They contribute more to their family's capital.

They have a very different experience of childhood compared to their working- or middle-class peers. (correct)

According to the passage, which of the following is a key factor affecting the experiences of children in the family?

The child's age.

The child's academic performance.

The child's race or ethnicity.

The child's gender. (correct)

What does the passage suggest about the relationship between social class and inequality?

Social class-based experiences are always related to both economic and cultural inequality. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the main argument of the passage?

Children's experiences of childhood are primarily shaped by their family's financial and social status, as well as their gender and ethnicity. Signup and view all the answers

Based on the passage, which of the following is a key characteristic of the 'nurturing' child?

They contribute substantially to their family's capital. Signup and view all the answers

What type of advantage is based on social capital according to Bourdieu?

Cultural advantages Signup and view all the answers

Which class is more likely to focus on immediate rewards during childhood?

Working-class Signup and view all the answers

According to Will et al. (1976), how did young mothers interact differently with babies based on gender?

Offered different toys and used different descriptive words Signup and view all the answers

What term refers to children searching for clues about gender-appropriate behavior from primary and secondary sources?

Gender detectives Signup and view all the answers

How do peers reinforce gender identities?

By engaging in shared activities with gender meanings Signup and view all the answers

What can individuals risk if they cross gender identity boundaries according to the text?

Being bullied or excluded from peer groups Signup and view all the answers

'Gender bonds' are created through common interests in which of the following activities?

Cars, football, or rap music Signup and view all the answers

'Identity norms' are broken when individuals do which of the following?

Cross invisible boundaries related to gender Signup and view all the answers

How do various ethnic groups differ in defining the duration of childhood?

"Where childhood ends and adulthood begins" Signup and view all the answers

"Childhood divisions" developed by different ethnicities refer to differences in what aspect?

"Concepts of childhood age ranges" Signup and view all the answers

What was the traditional view of the father's role in the family?

Main disciplinarian and breadwinner Signup and view all the answers

Why might men have faced stigmatization for engaging in tasks like changing nappies or feeding a baby?

It was seen as women's work. Signup and view all the answers

What effect did the decline of manufacturing industries have on the traditional role of fathers as breadwinners?

It caused male unemployment, particularly affecting the working class fathers. Signup and view all the answers

How has feminism influenced traditional ideas about masculinity according to the text?

It has suggested that traditional masculinity leads to abuse of power and environmental damage. Signup and view all the answers

What is one way in which the role of fathers has changed in modern societies?

More fathers are playing an active part in the emotional side of child-rearing. Signup and view all the answers

What kind of roles did fathers in the study by Warren Hatcher find themselves in?

Enforcer, entertainer, fully involved, useful Signup and view all the answers

How did men in the study by Warren Hatcher feel about challenging traditional gender roles?

They did not want to challenge traditional gender roles. Signup and view all the answers

What was one significant concern highlighted in the text regarding men working long hours?

Men working long hours could lead to neglecting their families. Signup and view all the answers

In what aspect did feminism influence ideas about masculinity according to the text?

Feminism criticized traditional masculinity for its negative impact. Signup and view all the answers

Why did some men find it difficult to practice being a 'New Man' according to the text?

There were societal expectations contradicting this role. Signup and view all the answers

What has resulted in the development of different childhood categories, such as 'teenager'?

The different experiences of childhood across ethnic groups Signup and view all the answers

How do Asian parents in the UK typically differ from their British counterparts in how they treat their children?

Asian parents place greater restrictions on their children's freedom of movement and association, especially with their daughters. Signup and view all the answers

What does the text mean by the 'family as workplace' for some ethnic minority children in the UK?

Children are expected to help out in the family's business, such as a restaurant, as part of being a member of the family. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason given in the text for the changes in the concept of motherhood in the UK?

The decline in birth rates and family size over the last 50 years Signup and view all the answers

What is one example of a type of mother who has been thought of as straying from the stereotypical 'good' mother role?

Mothers who have pre-school age children and go out to work Signup and view all the answers

What is one benefit of a child being cared for by different people, such as at a nursery or similar institution, according to the text?

It helps the child become more sociable and confident. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text as a common childcare option in the UK?

Company-provided workplace nurseries Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason given for the decline in birth rates in the UK over the last century?

The decline in family size over the last 50 years Signup and view all the answers

What is the main factor mentioned in the text that has led to families and society becoming more child-centred in the UK?

The smaller number of children per family Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text as a factor contributing to changes in the concept of motherhood in the UK?

The growing number of women in part-time work Signup and view all the answers