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Questions and Answers
The ovary is a swollen basal part of a pistil that carries an ovule or egg.
The ovary is a swollen basal part of a pistil that carries an ovule or egg.
True (A)
The stamen is the female reproductive part of a flower.
The stamen is the female reproductive part of a flower.
False (B)
What is the collective name for the stamens in a flower?
What is the collective name for the stamens in a flower?
- Sepal
- Androecium (correct)
- Gynoecium
- Perianth
What is the function of petals in a flower?
What is the function of petals in a flower?
What is the function of the receptacle in a flower?
What is the function of the receptacle in a flower?
Complete flowers have all four main parts: sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels.
Complete flowers have all four main parts: sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels.
Imperfect flowers possess both the stamen and carpel.
Imperfect flowers possess both the stamen and carpel.
What kind of flower possesses both stamen and carpel?
What kind of flower possesses both stamen and carpel?
Monoecious plants have separate male and female flowers on the same plant.
Monoecious plants have separate male and female flowers on the same plant.
Which of these is an example of a dioecious plant?
Which of these is an example of a dioecious plant?
Polygamous plants can have both perfect and imperfect flowers on the same plant.
Polygamous plants can have both perfect and imperfect flowers on the same plant.
What type of floral symmetry does a flower have if it can be divided into two equal halves along any plane?
What type of floral symmetry does a flower have if it can be divided into two equal halves along any plane?
A flower with bilateral symmetry can be divided into two equal halves only by a medial cut through the central axis.
A flower with bilateral symmetry can be divided into two equal halves only by a medial cut through the central axis.
What type of ovary placement is called "superior"?
What type of ovary placement is called "superior"?
In axile placentation, the ovules develop within the central axis of the ovary.
In axile placentation, the ovules develop within the central axis of the ovary.
Marginal placentation is characterized by ovules developing along the ventral suture of the ovary.
Marginal placentation is characterized by ovules developing along the ventral suture of the ovary.
A spike inflorescence has a branched elongated axis with sessile flowers.
A spike inflorescence has a branched elongated axis with sessile flowers.
A panicle inflorescence is an unbranched elongated axis with pedicellate flowers
A panicle inflorescence is an unbranched elongated axis with pedicellate flowers
A raceme inflorescence has an unbranched elongated axis with pedicellate flowers of unequal length.
A raceme inflorescence has an unbranched elongated axis with pedicellate flowers of unequal length.
A corymb inflorescence has a flat, convex top with pedicellate flowers that are arranged in an order where the outer flowers are shorter than the inner flowers.
A corymb inflorescence has a flat, convex top with pedicellate flowers that are arranged in an order where the outer flowers are shorter than the inner flowers.
Which inflorescence is characterized by a fleshy spike bearing both male and female flowers, surrounded by a petaloid bract called a spathe?
Which inflorescence is characterized by a fleshy spike bearing both male and female flowers, surrounded by a petaloid bract called a spathe?
A catkin/ament inflorescence is characterized by a hanging or drooping spike with unisexual flowers.
A catkin/ament inflorescence is characterized by a hanging or drooping spike with unisexual flowers.
A fascicle inflorescence is characterized by pedicellate or sessile flowers clustered at one side of the stem head.
A fascicle inflorescence is characterized by pedicellate or sessile flowers clustered at one side of the stem head.
A capitate inflorescence is characterized by sessile flowers arranged in a cluster, similar to an umbel inflorescence but with sessile flowers instead of pedicellate flowers.
A capitate inflorescence is characterized by sessile flowers arranged in a cluster, similar to an umbel inflorescence but with sessile flowers instead of pedicellate flowers.
The embryo in a seed is a tiny plant that contains the seed’s coenzyme and cellular tissue.
The embryo in a seed is a tiny plant that contains the seed’s coenzyme and cellular tissue.
What is the function of the endosperm in a seed?
What is the function of the endosperm in a seed?
Seed dispersal helps avoid competition with parents and siblings, colonize new habitats and avoid pathogens and predators.
Seed dispersal helps avoid competition with parents and siblings, colonize new habitats and avoid pathogens and predators.
Animal-mediated seed dispersal is considered less important than insect-mediated seed dispersal.
Animal-mediated seed dispersal is considered less important than insect-mediated seed dispersal.
Wind-mediated seed dispersal is considered a crucial mechanism for both pollination and seed dispersal.
Wind-mediated seed dispersal is considered a crucial mechanism for both pollination and seed dispersal.
Water-mediated seed dispersal primarily involves the movement of seeds by currents or tides.
Water-mediated seed dispersal primarily involves the movement of seeds by currents or tides.
Flashcards
Ovary
Ovary
The swollen basal part of a pistil that contains ovules (eggs) where fertilization occurs and seeds develop.
Pistil
Pistil
The female reproductive part of a flower, composed of stigma, style, and ovary.
Carpel
Carpel
A single unit of the pistil.
Monocarpous
Monocarpous
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Apocarpous
Apocarpous
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Syncarpous
Syncarpous
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Stamen
Stamen
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Anther
Anther
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Filament
Filament
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Androecium
Androecium
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Stigma
Stigma
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Style
Style
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Petal
Petal
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Sepal
Sepal
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Receptacle
Receptacle
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Peduncle
Peduncle
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Complete flower
Complete flower
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Incomplete flower
Incomplete flower
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Perfect Flower
Perfect Flower
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Imperfect Flower
Imperfect Flower
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Monoecious
Monoecious
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Dioecious
Dioecious
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Inflorescence
Inflorescence
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Seed
Seed
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Seed Dispersal
Seed Dispersal
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Study Notes
Exercise 11: Flowers
- Flowers provide natural remedies for humans and animals
- Flowers aid in plant reproduction by attracting pollinators
Modified Twigs
- Modified twigs primarily form fruits and seeds
- Extend the shoot for reproduction
- Flowers are visually appealing to attract pollinators
Parts of a Flower
- Carpel: The female reproductive part.
- Ovary: Swollen basal part, houses the ovule (egg).
- Carpel: Female reproductive part.
- Monocarpous: Single carpel.
- Apocarpous: Multiple, distinct carpels.
- Syncarpous: Multiple fused carpels.
- Stamen: Male reproductive part.
- Anther: Pollen production.
- Filaments: Holds the anther.
- Stamen (collectively): Androecium
Pistil
- Stigma: Top of the style, receives pollen.
- Style: Long filament, pollen passageway.
Flower Envelope / Perianth
- Petals (Corolla): Usually brightly colored to attract pollinators.
- Sepals (Calyx): Protects the flower.
Variable Features and Structure of Flowers
- Color Variations: Day-blooming flowers, Night blooming flowers.
- Odor: Floral scents attract pollinators.
Sexuality
- Perfect Flower: Contains both stamens and carpels.
- Imperfect Flower: Contains either stamens or carpels.
- Monoecious: Male and female flowers on the same plant.
- Dioecious: Male and female flowers on different plants.
Fusion of Flowers
- Connation: Fusion of like parts (e.g., sepals, petals, stamens).
- Adnation: Fusion of unlike parts.
Number of Flower Parts
- Monocot: Flower parts in multiples of three (3).
- Dicot: Flower parts in multiples of four (4) or five (5).
Symmetry
- Actinomorphic: Radially symmetrical (can be divided into equal halves).
- Zygomorphic: Bilaterally symmetrical (can be divided into equal halves by one plane only).
Ovary Position
- Hypogynous: Receptacle below the ovary; ovary superior.
- Perigynous: Receptacle forming a cup; ovary superior.
- Epigynous: Receptacle above the ovary; ovary inferior.
Placentation
- Axile: Placenta develops from the central axis.
- Parietal: Placenta develops on the wall.
Inflorescence
- Flower cluster
- Spike: Unbranched axis with sessile flowers
- Raceme: Unbranched, flowers on stalks of equal length.
- Panicle: Branched
- Umbel: Pedicels radiate from a common point.
- Corymb: Flat-topped inflorescence, pedicels of flowers are of unequal lengths.
- Cyme: Flowers open from the center out.
- Spadix: Fleshy spike surrounded by a spathe (bract).
- Catkin/Ament: Hanging spike or catkin, unisexual flowers.
- Fascicle: Pedicelled or sessile flowers in a cluster on one side.
- Capitate: Flowers clustered on a dome.
Exercise 13: Seed and Seed Dispersal
- Seed Development Steps: Ovule development, Embryo development, Endosperm development, Cotyledons, Radicle, Epicotyl, Hypocotyl
- Seed Dispersal Methods: Insect, Animal, Wind, Water, Self.
- Agents of Seed Dispersal: Animal (Zoochory, Epizoochory, Endozoochory), Wind (Anemochory), Water (Hydrochory), Self (Autochory)
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