8 Questions
What are the three major plant tissue systems?
Dermal, Ground, Vascular
What is the main function of the leaf's blade or lamina?
Food manufacture
___ is a mature, ripened ovary that contains the seed and pericarp.
Fruit
Match the plant organ with its function:
Root = Absorption of water and minerals from the soil Stem = Support and transportation of substances between roots and leaves Leaf = Photosynthesis and gas exchange Flower = Reproductive structure facilitating pollination Fruit = Contains ripened ovules and pericarp
What are the three types of simple fruits based on dehiscence?
Follicle, Pod, Silique
Pomes have thin exocarp and a center with papery ___.
carpels
Indehiscent fruits split open at maturity.
False
Which part of a seed allows water absorption?
Micropyle
Study Notes
Plant Cell Structure
- A plant cell has several key organelles:
- Plasma membrane: inner layer of protection
- Cytoplasm: jelly-like substance within the cell
- Nucleus: contains genetic information, surrounded by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope
- Cell Wall: provides additional support and protection
- Ribosomes: sites of protein synthesis, made up of large and small subunits
- Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): flattened tubular sacs, involved in protein synthesis and lipid synthesis
- Golgi Apparatus: collective term for all dictyosomes, involved in polysaccharide synthesis and cell wall formation
- Mitochondria: small cylindrical organelles, involved in energy production
- Plastids: double membrane-enclosed organelles, involved in photosynthesis and storage
- Vacuole: organelle surrounded by a single membrane, occupies 80-90% of the cell
- Microbodies: spherical organelles, involved in metabolic functions
- Cytoskeleton: organized cytosol, provides structural support
Plant Tissue Systems
- There are three main plant tissue systems:
- Dermal Tissue System: outermost protective layer, composed of epidermis, periderm, and trichomes
- Ground Tissue System: made up of parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma, involved in support, storage, and photosynthesis
- Vascular Tissue System: composed of xylem and phloem, involved in transportation of water and minerals, and sugars and nutrients
Plant Organs
- There are six main plant organs:
- Root: absorbs water and minerals, anchors the plant, and stores food
- Stem: supports the plant, transports materials, and stores food
- Leaf: involved in photosynthesis, gas exchange, and water transport
- Flower: reproductive structure, involved in pollination and fertilization
- Fruit: mature, ripened ovary, contains seeds and pericarp
- Seed: mature, ripened ovule, contains embryo, endosperm, and seed coat
Root Structure
- A root has several key parts:
- Root cap: protects the tender apex
- Meristem: region of cell division
- Region of elongation: responsible for growth in length
- Region of maturation: where cells differentiate and mature
Stem Structure
- A stem has several key parts:
- Node: where leaves or buds are attached
- Internode: region between nodes
- Axillary bud: bud located in the axil of a leaf
Leaf Structure
- A leaf has several key parts:
- Leaf blade (lamina): green, expanded portion
- Petiole: stalk of the leaf
- Node: where the leaf meets the stem
- Leaf axil: angle between the leaf and stem
- Axillary/lateral bud: bud located in the axil of a leaf
- Stipules: leafy or scaly structures at the base of the petiole
Flower Structure
- A flower has several key parts:
- Pistil: female floral part, composed of stigma, style, ovary, and ovule
- Stamen: male floral part, composed of filament, anther, and pollen
- Petal: colored, conspicuous floral part, collectively called the corolla
- Sepal: green, leaf-like part, collectively called the calyx
- Perianth: combined calyx and corolla
Fruit Structure
- A fruit has several key parts:
- Pericarp: outer layer, composed of exocarp, mesocarp, and endocarp
- Seed: mature, ripened ovule, contains embryo, endosperm, and seed coat
Seed Structure
- A seed has several key parts:
- Testa (seed coat): outer, protective layer
- Hilum: scar on the seed coat where it was attached to the plant
- Micropyle: small pore that allows water absorption
- Embryo: developing plant, composed of cotyledon, endosperm, epicotyl, hypocotyl, and radicle
Learn about the different parts of plant cells, tissue systems, and organs. Identify and describe the functions of roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds.
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