Botany Medicinal Plants Overview
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Questions and Answers

What happens to aromatic drugs stored under bad conditions?

  • They become liquid.
  • They become more aromatic.
  • They lose their aroma. (correct)
  • They gain additional medicinal properties.

    • Medicinal plants should always be stored in direct sunlight to maintain their potency.

    False

    What should be used to store small quantities of crude drugs?

    Moisture-free, air proof, light proof containers at low temperature.

    Which of the following is NOT a biological factor affecting the storage of drugs?

    <p>Heat Treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Drugs should be stored in clear bottles to avoid the effects of light.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fresh medicinal plant material should be stored at _______.

    <p>low temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following storage conditions with their descriptions:

    <p>Well Aerated = Allows for air exchange to prevent moisture buildup Light Proof = Prevents exposure to light that can degrade compounds Humidity Control = Maintains consistent moisture levels Inert Gas Storage = Prevents oxidation of volatile and fixed oils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of T-Gas used in fumigation?

    <p>90% CO2 and 10% Ethylene Oxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT considered a physico-chemical factor affecting drug storage?

    <p>Bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The addition of inferior material to deceive consumers is known as _/_.

    <p>sophistication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the types of adulterations with their descriptions:

    <p>Sophistication = Addition of inferior material with intent to defraud Admixture = Accidental addition of one article to another Spoilage = Deterioration by action of bacteria or fungi Substitution = Entirely different article used in place of original</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fermentation of medicinal plants is always considered undesirable.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What temperature range is ideal for accelerating the enzymatic processes during fermentation in tea production?

    <p>30-40 °C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fermentation helps in the formation of unpleasant tasting substances.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should most drugs be stored in to prevent damage from light?

    <p>Dark or amber-colored glass containers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fumigation with __________ should be repeated at intervals to allow for the hatching of insect eggs.

    <p>volatile insecticides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following methods of controlling infestation with their descriptions:

    <p>Heat Treatment = Kills insects and eggs at 60-65 °C Freezing = Exposes drugs to -10 to -15 °C for 12-18 hours Fumigation = Involves using volatile insecticides Liming = Blocks respiratory systems of insects with lime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances is used as a rodenticide?

    <p>Alpha Naphthyl Thio Urea (ANTU)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Storing drugs in paper or cardboard containers protects them from rodent damage.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of liming in drug preservation?

    <p>To block the respiratory system of insects and larvae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ideal low temperature for the freezing method to kill insects is __________ °C.

    <p>-10 to -15</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary risk posed by oxygen in drug storage?

    <p>Oxidation of active compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Botany (Medicinal Plants) - General Introduction

    • Medicinal plants are a focus of botany.
    • Storage conditions affect the quality of medicinal plants.

    Storage

    • Poor storage leads to undesirable changes in aromatic, fixed, and volatile oils.
    • Sensitive drugs lose activity, and oils can change color or odor.
    • WHO guidelines for storage:
      • Materials should be well-ventilated and protected from light.
      • Use air conditioning and humidity control.
      • Protect against rodents and insects.
      • Herbal drugs containing essential oils need to be stored in dry, well-ventilated containers, with limited temperature fluctuations.
      • Fresh medicinal plants should be stored at low temperatures.
      • Small quantities of crude drugs should be kept in airtight, moisture-free containers, in the dark, at low temperatures, in inert gas.
      • Certain drugs need to be stored at least a year before use (e.g., cascara and frangula barks).
    • Moisture affects the storage quality, as moisture increases enzymatic hydrolysis and the growth of microorganisms.
    • To overcome moisture effects, drugs are stabilized.
    • Temporary stabilization can be achieved by using dehydrating agents like quicklime.
    • Permanent stabilization can be done using alcohol vapors.
    • Biological factors (bacteria, molds, worms, rodents) can affect drug storage.
    • Preventing damage by heat treatment (60-65°C).
    • Storing in low temp. (-10 to -15°C) for 12-18 hours.

    Fermentation

    • Fermentation (enzymatic transformation) of some plant constituents can be desirable.
    • The process involves raising the temperature (30-40°C) and humidity.
    • This is commonly performed in tea factories.
    • Fermentation improves the taste and smell of the drug.
    • Fermentation helps to remove unpleasant tastes.
    • Prevent microbial attack (e.g., molds) after fermentation.

    Light

    • Light affects drugs.
    • Drugs are stored in dark or amber-colored containers to reduce the impact of light.

    Temperature

    • Drugs are stored at a low temperature.

    Air (Oxygen)

    • Oxygen causes oxidation in drugs (e.g., fixed oils). This leads to rancidity or resinification.

    Adulteration

    • Adulteration is the decrease in quality of a drug, especially when the drug is rare or expensive.
    • Sophistication (true adulteration): Inferior material is added to a drug. (e.g., adding white flour to ginger).
    • Substitution: An entirely different substance is used instead of the intended drug. (e.g. inferior grade of senna being used instead of alex. senna).
    • Admixture: Adding one substance to another. Examples include accidentally mixing materials or adding different parts of the same plant).
    • Spoilage: The drug's usefulness is destroyed by bacteria or fungi.
    • addition of worthless heavy materials ( adding stones and sand for increase weight)

    Questions

    • Questions about the truthfulness of statements about storage and adulteration are included.
    • Questions about factors affecting storage and types of adulteration. The types of factors listed in the document were physical and biological.

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    Related Documents

    Botany (Medicinal Plants) General Intro PDF

    Description

    This quiz provides an overview of the key concepts related to medicinal plants in botany, focusing particularly on the importance of proper storage conditions. Learn how storage can affect the quality, efficacy, and safety of various medicinal plants as outlined by WHO guidelines.

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