Botany Chapter 8: Leaves Structure and Types

<p>Bipinnately compound leaves</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Allow carbon dioxide to enter and oxygen to exit</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blade structure - single blade versus divided into leaflets</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To move water absorbed by the roots</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydathodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Whorled</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Palmate</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parallel</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phyllotaxy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parallel venation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mesophyll</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To regulate gas exchange and water evaporation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contain chloroplasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The guard cells originate from the same parent cell and contain chloroplasts, which allow them to control the stomatal aperture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dichotomous venation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carotenoids and Anthocyanins</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abscission</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anthocyanins</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Suberin-coated cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metal production</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Senescence</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To contain most of the leaf's chloroplasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To regulate leaf rolling or folding under dry conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fewer chloroplasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To facilitate gas exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To transport water and nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Specialized structures to reduce water loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tendrils = Modified leaves that curl around more rigid objects, helping the plant to climb or to support weak stems Spines = Modified leaves that reduce leaf surface and water loss, and protect from herbivory Storage leaves = Succulent leaves are modified for water storage, have parenchyma cells with large vacuoles Flower-Pot Leaves = Leaves develop into urn-like pouches that become home of ant colonies</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thorns = Modified stems arising in the axils of leaves of woody plants Prickles = Outgrowths from epidermis or cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aquatic Areas = Less xylem and phloem, mesophyll not differentiated into palisade and spongy layers, large air spaces Succulent desert plants of Africa = Leaves buried in ground, except for exposed end</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thick, leathery leaves = Reduce loss of water by providing a sturdy protective layer Dense, hairy coverings = Aid in reducing water loss by creating a barrier against transpiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Garden peas = Tendrils Cacti = Spines</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fleshy leaves store carbohydrates = Onions, lily Window leaves = In succulent desert plants of Africa</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Petiole = Stalk of a leaf Lamina = Flattened blade of a leaf Veins = Network of vascular bundles in a leaf Stipules = Small structures at the base of the petiole</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Simple leaves = Leaves with a single blade Compound leaves = Leaves with a blade divided into leaflets Pinnately compound leaves = Leaflets in pairs along the rachis (petiole) Palmately compound leaves = All leaflets attached at the same point at the end of the petiole</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Photosynthesis = Trapping light energy to produce sugar molecules Stomata = Tiny pores allowing gas exchange and water vapor release Guard Cells = Regulate opening and closing of stomatal pores Waste disposal = Accumulation and shedding of metabolic wastes in leaves</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biological Solar Panels = Leaves capturing light energy for photosynthesis Green Leaves = Capture light energy by means of photosynthesis Palmately Compound Leaf = Leaf shape where all leaflets are attached at the same point Bipinnately Compound Leaf = Leaf shape with subdivided leaflets</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transpiration = Water loss control and gas exchange in leaves Vascular Bundles (Veins) = Transport nutrients and water throughout the leaf Spongy Mesophyll = Support gas exchange and photosynthesis in leaves Palisade Mesophyll = Primary site for photosynthesis in leaves</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Arid Region Leaves = Leaves adapted to dry environments Shade Leaves = Leaves adapted to low light conditions Guard Cells Function = Regulate water loss through stomatal pores Abscission Zone Layer = Protective layer near the base of the leaf petiole</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Palisade Mesophyll = Compactly stacked, barrel-shaped parenchyma cells with most of leaf's chloroplasts Spongy Mesophyll = Loosely arranged parenchyma cells with abundant air spaces Veins = Consist of xylem and phloem tissues surrounded by bundle sheath of thicker-walled parenchyma Bulliform Cells = Cells that partly collapse under dry conditions causing leaf to fold or roll</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sun Leaves = Tend to be larger and thicker with well-defined mesophyll layers and more chloroplasts Shade Leaves = Receive less total light, tend to be thinner, have fewer well-defined mesophyll layers and fewer chloroplasts Arid Region Leaves = Adapted to limited water availability, wide temperature ranges, and high light intensities Monocot Leaves = Often lack differentiated palisade and spongy layers, may have bulliform cells and rolled blades</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Collapsing Bulliform Cells = Causes leaf folding or rolling under dry conditions Turgid Bulliform Cells = Help maintain an open blade structure Guard Cells = Regulate the opening and closing of stomata for gas exchange Vascular Bundles in Veins = Transport water (xylem) and nutrients (phloem) throughout the leaf</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epidermal Cells = Outer protective layer of the leaf Chloroplasts in Mesophyll = Site of photosynthesis within the leaf cells Stomata on Leaf Surface = Regulate gas exchange and transpiration Bundle Sheath Parenchyma = Surround vascular bundles in veins providing support and protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Simple Leaves = Consist of a single blade attached to the petiole Compound Leaves = Have multiple leaflets attached at the end of a common petiole (rachis) Fan Out Venation Pattern = Primary veins radiate outward from base of leaf blade Monocot Venation Pattern = Veins are parallel or reticulated without distinct palisade and spongy layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fewer Hairs = Characteristic of shade leaves compared to sun leaves Rolled Blade Structure = Resulting from collapsing bulliform cells in monocot leaves Open Blade Structure = Maintained by turgid bulliform cells in monocot leaves Well-Defined Mesophyll Layers = Characteristics of sun leaves compared to shade leaves</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alternate = One leaf per node Opposite = One leaf per node Whorled = Three or more leaves per node</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pinnately veined leaves = Main midvein included within enlarged midrib Palmately veined leaves = Several primary veins fan out from base of blade Pinnate venation (Tulip poplar) = Main midvein included within enlarged midrib Palmate venation (Maple) = Several primary veins fan out from base of blade</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monocots = Netted or reticulate venation Dicots = Parallel venation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Guttation = Root pressure forces water out hydathodes at tips of leaf veins Phyllotaxy = Arrangement of leaves on stem Venation = Arrangement of veins in a leaf or leaflet blade Dichotomous venation = Veins fork evenly and progressively from base of blade</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monocots = Primary veins divergent in various ways = netted or reticulate venation Dicots = Primary veins parallel = Parallel venation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Guard cells = Regulate opening and closing of stomata Palisade mesophyll = Majority of photosynthesis in leaves Spongy mesophyll = Vascular bundles (veins) =</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pitcher Plants = Insects trapped and digested inside cone-shaped leaves Sundews = Round to oval leaves covered with sticky glandular hairs Venus's Flytraps = Blade halves trap insects in North Carolina and South Carolina Bladderworts = Tiny bladders on leaves with trap doors trap insects inside</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Poinsettia = Flowers surrounded by brightly colored bracts instead of petals Clary's sage = Colorful bracts located at top of flowering stalks above flowers Bougainvillea sp. = Brightly colored bracts surrounding flowers Fenestria aurantica = Specialized floral leaves at bases of flowers or flower stalks</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pitcher Plants = Trapping and digesting insects inside cone-shaped leaves Sundews = Having glandular hairs and sticky fluid to digest trapped insects Venus's Flytraps = Trapping insects with blade halves in specific regions Bladderworts = Using tiny bladders with trap doors to capture insects</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mother of Thousands = Tiny plantlets along leaf margins for reproduction Walking Fern = New plants growing at leaf tips for propagation Haworthia emelyae var. comptoniana = Transparent water storage cells under thick epidermis Frithia pulchra = Possessing specialized leaves for reproductive purposes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Haworthia emelyae var. comptoniana = Longitudinal section end with transparent, thick epidermis Fenestria aurantica = Specialized leaves allowing light into leaf while preventing drying out Walking Fern = Producing new plants at leaf tips for propagation Mother of Thousands = Having tiny plantlets along leaf margins</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Poinsettia = Flowers surrounded by brightly colored bracts instead of petals Clary's sage = Colorful bracts located at top of flowering stalks above flowers Bougainvillea sp. = Brightly colored bracts surrounding flowers Fenestria aurantica = Specialized floral leaves at bases of flowers or flower stalks</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The main function of leaves in plants is to capture light energy through photosynthesis, which converts water and carbon dioxide into sugar molecules that store energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stomata are tiny pores on the lower surface of leaves that allow carbon dioxide to enter and oxygen to diffuse out. They are controlled by guard cells, which can open or close the pore to regulate water loss through transpiration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Simple leaves have a single, undivided blade, while compound leaves have a blade that is divided into distinct leaflets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary function of veins (vascular bundles) in leaves is to transport water, nutrients, and photosynthetic products throughout the leaf.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Guard cells are responsible for controlling the opening and closing of the stomatal pore. They can expand or contract to regulate the size of the stomatal aperture, which in turn controls the rate of gas exchange and water loss through transpiration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary function of the palisade mesophyll layer in a leaf is to perform the majority of photosynthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thick, leathery leaves, fewer stomata or sunken stomata, succulent/water-retaining leaves</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To help the plant climb or support weak stems</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spines reduce leaf surface and protect from herbivory</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To store water or carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They provide a home for ant colonies and improve soil quality with nitrogenous wastes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Leaves are buried in the ground except for the exposed end</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The palisade mesophyll is compactly stacked with barrel-shaped parenchyma cells, commonly in two rows, and contains most of the leaf's chloroplasts. The spongy mesophyll has loosely arranged parenchyma cells with abundant air spaces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bulliform cells on either side of the main central vein in monocot leaves can partly collapse under dry conditions, causing the leaf blade to fold or roll. This reduces the surface area exposed to transpiration, helping the plant conserve water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Compared to sun leaves, shade leaves tend to be larger and thinner, have fewer well-defined mesophyll layers and chloroplasts, and have fewer hairs. These adaptations allow shade leaves to maximize light capture and photosynthesis under low-light conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The veins, or vascular bundles, are scattered throughout the mesophyll of the leaf. They consist of xylem and phloem tissues surrounded by a bundle sheath of thicker-walled parenchyma cells. The veins transport water, nutrients, and photosynthates throughout the leaf.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monocot leaves often do not have the mesophyll differentiated into distinct palisade and spongy layers. Instead, the mesophyll cells are more uniformly arranged throughout the leaf.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The palisade mesophyll layer contains most of the leaf's chloroplasts and is the primary site of photosynthesis in the leaf.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carotenoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abscission</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Suberin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anthocyanins</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Senescence</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transport water and nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The transparent, thick epidermis and water storage cells in the leaves of Haworthia emelyae var. comptoniana allow light to enter the leaf while keeping the plant from drying out when the leaves are buried.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The brightly colored bracts in Poinsettia and Clary's sage surround the flowers and serve as floral leaves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insect-trapping leaves in pitcher plants, sundews, and bladderworts allow these plants to trap and digest insects to obtain nitrogen and other deficient elements from the soil in swampy areas and bogs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The new plants that form at the leaf tips of walking ferns and the tiny plantlets that develop along the leaf margins of mother of thousands are examples of specialized leaves that can produce offspring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The blade halves of the leaves in Venus's flytraps trap insects when they close around them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The tiny bladders on the leaves of bladderworts have trap doors that allow them to trap insects inside the bladders.</p> Signup and view all the answers