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Questions and Answers
What is the purpose of Wagner's and Dragendorff's reagents in alkaloid analysis?
What is the purpose of Wagner's and Dragendorff's reagents in alkaloid analysis?
- To make proteins insoluble during evaporation
- To extract alkaloids from the plant
- To form precipitates with alkaloids (correct)
- To detect the presence of proteins
How is caffeine typically detected in alkaloid analysis?
How is caffeine typically detected in alkaloid analysis?
- By mixing with ammonia vapor
- By evaporation to dryness and exposure to carbon dioxide
- By reacting with Dragendorff's reagent
- By reacting with potassium chlorate and hydrochloric acid (correct)
Which amino acid involved in alkaloid biosynthesis has its COOH & NH2 groups on different carbon atoms?
Which amino acid involved in alkaloid biosynthesis has its COOH & NH2 groups on different carbon atoms?
- Lysine (correct)
- Ornithine
- Phenylalanine
- Tyrosine
What is the significance of decarboxylation and transamination in alkaloid biosynthesis?
What is the significance of decarboxylation and transamination in alkaloid biosynthesis?
What kind of test is the murexide test used for in alkaloid analysis?
What kind of test is the murexide test used for in alkaloid analysis?
How do proteins behave during the evaporation process in alkaloid extraction?
How do proteins behave during the evaporation process in alkaloid extraction?
In alkaloid biosynthesis, what type of reaction can follow the formation of a Schiff base?
In alkaloid biosynthesis, what type of reaction can follow the formation of a Schiff base?
How are alkaloids detected through the general reactions in biosynthesis?
How are alkaloids detected through the general reactions in biosynthesis?
What happens to proteins during the evaporation process in alkaloid extraction?
What happens to proteins during the evaporation process in alkaloid extraction?
What distinguishes anthranilic acid from other amino acids involved in alkaloid biosynthesis?
What distinguishes anthranilic acid from other amino acids involved in alkaloid biosynthesis?
What is the primary function of Wagner's and Dragendorff's reagents in alkaloid analysis?
What is the primary function of Wagner's and Dragendorff's reagents in alkaloid analysis?
What is the purpose of moistening the powdered material with alkaline substances in alkaloid extraction method A?
What is the purpose of moistening the powdered material with alkaline substances in alkaloid extraction method A?
In alkaloid extraction method A, why is the concentrated organic liquid shaken with aqueous acid?
In alkaloid extraction method A, why is the concentrated organic liquid shaken with aqueous acid?
How are impurities removed from the organic liquid in alkaloid extraction method A?
How are impurities removed from the organic liquid in alkaloid extraction method A?
What is the main purpose of the addition of excess alkalis like sodium bicarbonate in alkaloid extraction method B?
What is the main purpose of the addition of excess alkalis like sodium bicarbonate in alkaloid extraction method B?
Why are chloroform or other organic solvents added and shaken in method B of alkaloid extraction?
Why are chloroform or other organic solvents added and shaken in method B of alkaloid extraction?
What happens to the free alkaloids after they are precipitated by excess alkalis in method B of alkaloid extraction?
What happens to the free alkaloids after they are precipitated by excess alkalis in method B of alkaloid extraction?
What is a common issue that may arise during the extraction of alkaloids, as mentioned in the text?
What is a common issue that may arise during the extraction of alkaloids, as mentioned in the text?
How is caffeine typically detected in alkaloid analysis as described in the text?
How is caffeine typically detected in alkaloid analysis as described in the text?
Which amino acid involved in alkaloid biosynthesis differs from others because its COOH & NH2 groups are not on the same carbon atom?
Which amino acid involved in alkaloid biosynthesis differs from others because its COOH & NH2 groups are not on the same carbon atom?
What color change indicates a positive murexide test, as explained in the text?
What color change indicates a positive murexide test, as explained in the text?
Which general reaction is highlighted as particularly important in the biosynthesis of many alkaloids?
Which general reaction is highlighted as particularly important in the biosynthesis of many alkaloids?
What distinguishes caffeine from most alkaloids in terms of precipitation?
What distinguishes caffeine from most alkaloids in terms of precipitation?
In Method A of alkaloid extraction, the powdered material is moistened with acidic substances to set free the alkaloid bases.
In Method A of alkaloid extraction, the powdered material is moistened with acidic substances to set free the alkaloid bases.
Organic solvents such as water or aqueous alcohol are used in Method A of alkaloid extraction.
Organic solvents such as water or aqueous alcohol are used in Method A of alkaloid extraction.
In Method B of alkaloid extraction, excess alkalis like sodium bicarbonate or ammonia are added to precipitate the free alkaloids.
In Method B of alkaloid extraction, excess alkalis like sodium bicarbonate or ammonia are added to precipitate the free alkaloids.
A positive murexide test indicates the presence of alkaloid salts in the organic liquid.
A positive murexide test indicates the presence of alkaloid salts in the organic liquid.
Chloroform is used in Method B of alkaloid extraction to remove pigments and unwanted materials.
Chloroform is used in Method B of alkaloid extraction to remove pigments and unwanted materials.
Proteins in alkaloid extraction behave differently during the evaporation process in Methods A and B.
Proteins in alkaloid extraction behave differently during the evaporation process in Methods A and B.
In alkaloid extraction, aqueous acid is used to separate the free alkaloids from the concentrated organic liquid.
In alkaloid extraction, aqueous acid is used to separate the free alkaloids from the concentrated organic liquid.
Calcium hydroxide can be used as an alkaline substance for moistening the powdered material in alkaloid extraction.
Calcium hydroxide can be used as an alkaline substance for moistening the powdered material in alkaloid extraction.
In Method A of alkaloid extraction, the impurities remain behind in the aqueous liquid after shaking with organic solvents.
In Method A of alkaloid extraction, the impurities remain behind in the aqueous liquid after shaking with organic solvents.
Alkaloidal salts are found in the organic liquid after shaking with aqueous acid in Method A of alkaloid extraction.
Alkaloidal salts are found in the organic liquid after shaking with aqueous acid in Method A of alkaloid extraction.
Method B of alkaloid extraction involves the precipitation of free alkaloids by adding excess acids like hydrochloric acid.
Method B of alkaloid extraction involves the precipitation of free alkaloids by adding excess acids like hydrochloric acid.
In both Method A and Method B of alkaloid extraction, organic solvents are used for the extraction process.
In both Method A and Method B of alkaloid extraction, organic solvents are used for the extraction process.
In Alkaloid Extraction, Method A involves moistening the powdered material with acidic substances.
In Alkaloid Extraction, Method A involves moistening the powdered material with acidic substances.
Organic solvents such as water or aqueous alcohol are used in Method A of alkaloid extraction.
Organic solvents such as water or aqueous alcohol are used in Method A of alkaloid extraction.
Chloroform is added and shaken in Method B of alkaloid extraction to remove pigments and unwanted materials.
Chloroform is added and shaken in Method B of alkaloid extraction to remove pigments and unwanted materials.
Aqueous acid is used to separate the free alkaloids from the concentrated organic liquid in alkaloid extraction.
Aqueous acid is used to separate the free alkaloids from the concentrated organic liquid in alkaloid extraction.
Calcium hydroxide is not used as an alkaline substance for moistening the powdered material in alkaloid extraction.
Calcium hydroxide is not used as an alkaline substance for moistening the powdered material in alkaloid extraction.
Extraction in Method B of alkaloid extraction is carried out with ether or petroleum spirit.
Extraction in Method B of alkaloid extraction is carried out with ether or petroleum spirit.
In both Method A and Method B of alkaloid extraction, acidic substances are added to set free the alkaloid bases.
In both Method A and Method B of alkaloid extraction, acidic substances are added to set free the alkaloid bases.
After shaking with aqueous acid, alkaloidal salts are found in the organic liquid in Method A of alkaloid extraction.
After shaking with aqueous acid, alkaloidal salts are found in the organic liquid in Method A of alkaloid extraction.
Method B of alkaloid extraction involves separating impurities by shaking with aqueous acid.
Method B of alkaloid extraction involves separating impurities by shaking with aqueous acid.
The free alkaloids in Method B of alkaloid extraction are precipitated by adding excess acids.
The free alkaloids in Method B of alkaloid extraction are precipitated by adding excess acids.
