Bonus Expeditionary Force Flashcards

Study Notes

Bonus Expeditionary Force Overview

In May 1932, Walter Waters led around 100 unemployed WWI veterans in a march from Oregon to Washington, DC.
The veterans formed the Bonus Army, demanding early payment of a $1,000 bonus promised by the government for their military service.
The promised payment was scheduled for 1945, but the economic situation made waiting impractical for the jobless veterans.
Protests gathered momentum, culminating in over 20,000 veterans camping in Washington, DC, establishing shantytowns known as "Hoovervilles."

President Hoover's Stance

President Herbert Hoover opposed paying the bonus early, fearing it would exceed government tax receipts and worsen national debt.
To combat public perception of his indifference, Hoover secretly provided cots, blankets, and food to the protesting veterans, though he did not publicize these efforts.

Transportation for Veterans

To facilitate the veterans' return home, Hoover and Congress enacted a transportation loan bill of $100,000.
While many veterans and their families accepted this assistance, approximately 4,000 remained in Washington.

Military Intervention

Military force was employed under General MacArthur to disperse the Bonus Army, leading to the burning of their encampments.
Despite orders not to pursue the veterans across the Anacostia River, MacArthur followed them, escalating tensions.
A fire erupted during this confrontation, resulting in public outrage against Hoover, significantly damaging his reputation and electoral prospects.

Subsequent Bonus Marches

Two major bonus marches occurred; the second took place in 1933 after Franklin D. Roosevelt became president.
Roosevelt vetoed the bonus bill but offered jobs to 25,000 veterans through the Civilian Conservation Corps.
The majority of veterans ultimately chose to return home rather than continue protesting.

Description

Test your knowledge on the Bonus Expeditionary Force, a significant event in American history where unemployed WW1 veterans marched to demand early payment of their bonuses. This quiz will cover key details and historical context. Perfect for students of American history.