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Questions and Answers
Which of the following cells are responsible for the resorption of bone?
What role do osteoblasts play in bone structure?
Which type of joint is characterized by no space or capsule and limited movement?
What main feature distinguishes synovial joints?
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Which part of the knee joint allows for limited twisting?
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What is the primary function of osteocytes?
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Which joint is an example of a cartilaginous joint?
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What substance is secreted by osteoblasts to provide flexibility to bones?
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Study Notes
Bone Remodeling
- Osteoclasts are responsible for bone resorption (breakdown).
- Osteoblasts are responsible for bone replacement (building).
- Osteocytes are living bone cells.
- Bone is constantly remodeled in response to pressure, hormones, diet, and other factors.
- Calcium is stored in bones, and can be reabsorbed into the blood when calcium levels are low.
- Osteoblasts deposit collagen and elastin fibres, giving bones flexibility.
- Osteoblasts deposit a matrix of minerals which harden when calcium salts are deposited.
Types of Joints
- Fibrous joints are connected by dense connective tissue with no space or capsule.
- Fibrous joints have limited movement.
- Examples of fibrous joints include the fontanelles of the skull and sockets of teeth.
- Cartilaginous joints have articular surfaces covered with hyaline cartilage.
- Cartilaginous joints allow for limited movement.
- Cartilaginous joints are found between vertebrae and some ribs.
Vertebrae
- Cervical vertebrae are located in the neck, and have a transverse foramen.
- Thoracic vertebrae are located in the mid-back, and have a long spinous process.
- Lumbar vertebrae are located in the lower back, and have a large body.
Synovial Joints
- Synovial joints are freely movable, and include many major joints in the body, such as the knee, hip, shoulder, neck and spine.
- Each synovial joint allows for specific movement.
- A dense connective tissue capsule surrounds synovial joints, containing cartilage covering the end bones, and ligaments stabilizing the joint.
- A synovial membrane lines the capsule and releases synovial fluid, which lubricates hyaline cartilage within the joint, reducing friction.
Shoulder Joint
- The coracoid and acromion processes of the scapula are where the coracoacromial ligament attaches.
- The supraspinatus muscle slides under the coracoid and acromion processes, and may experience impingement injury.
- The AC (acromioclavicular) joint is where the acromion and clavicle connect.
- The clavicle, scapula, and humerus are bones of the shoulder joint.
Knee Joint
- The meniscus is a C-shaped cartilage between the femur and tibia.
- The cruciate ligaments (anterior and posterior) allow for limited twisting of the knee.
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Description
Explore the fascinating processes of bone remodeling and the various types of joints in the human body. This quiz covers the roles of osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and osteocytes, as well as the characteristics of fibrous and cartilaginous joints. Test your knowledge on how bones adapt to various factors and the anatomy of the vertebrae.
