Bone Classification and Joint Types Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What classification does the skull belong to?

  • Irregular
  • Appendicular
  • Axial (correct)
  • Short

Which type of bone is the clavicle classified as according to developmental classification?

  • Membranous (correct)
  • Short
  • Long
  • Irregular

What type of bone is the femur classified as based on morphological classification?

  • Sesamoid
  • Flat
  • Short
  • Long (correct)

What is the classification of the sternum?

<p>Flat (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bone is categorized as irregular among the following?

<p>Vertebra (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bone is the scapula classified as in the axial and appendicular classification?

<p>Appendicular (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of structural types, which type forms the compact bone?

<p>Compact (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is classified as a sesamoid bone?

<p>Patella (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint is the elbow?

<p>Synovial hinge (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of joint is the pubic symphysis?

<p>Secondary cartilaginous (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint is the atlantoaxial joint?

<p>Synovial pivot (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is primarily attached to the subclavius groove of the clavicle?

<p>Subclavius (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the biceps brachii muscle?

<p>Flexion of the elbow (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles is NOT part of the rotator cuff group?

<p>Biceps brachii (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the articulation point of the humerus referred to as the trochlea?

<p>Capitulum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle is skeletal muscle classified as?

<p>Voluntary (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint are the intercarpals associated with?

<p>Synovial plane (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is related to the structures around the shoulder joint?

<p>Axillary nerve (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle in the pectoral region is innervated by the medial pectoral nerve?

<p>Pectoralis minor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What forms the posterior wall of the axilla?

<p>Scapula and subscapularis muscle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which artery branches into the axillary artery?

<p>Subclavian artery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is responsible for innervating the deltoid muscle?

<p>Axillary nerve (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of the elbow joint?

<p>Synovial hinge (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT part of the contents of the cubital fossa?

<p>Ulnar nerve (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is primarily responsible for flexion of the radius at the elbow?

<p>Brachialis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What nerve primarily innervates the flexor carpi radialis muscle?

<p>Median nerve (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is NOT innervated by the radial nerve?

<p>Brachialis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle acts as the main shoulder flexor?

<p>Pectoralis major (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure separates the compartments of the forearm?

<p>Intermuscular septa (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nerves innervates the serratus anterior muscle?

<p>Long thoracic nerve (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the palmaris brevis muscle?

<p>Stabilization of the skin on the palm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint is the wrist joint?

<p>Synovial ellipsoid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Axial Bones

Bones that make up the skull, vertebral column and ribs.

Appendicular Bones

Bones that make up the limbs, shoulder girdle and pelvic girdle.

Cartilaginous Bones

Bones that develop from a cartilage template. This template is replaced by bone cells.

Membranous Bones

Bones that develop directly from mesenchyme. Mesenchyme is a type of tissue found in an embryo.

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Mixed Bones

Bones that develop from a combination of both cartilaginous and membranous development.

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Long Bones

Bones that are longer than they are wide. They have a shaft and two ends.

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Flat Bones

Bones that are thin and flattened. They have a broad surface area.

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Irregular Bones

Bones that are irregularly shaped. They serve specific purposes and have various features.

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Sutures

A fibrous joint that allows for minimal movement, found between the bones of the skull.

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Secondary Cartilaginous

A type of joint where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage, allowing for slight movement. An example is the joint between the ribs and the sternum.

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Synovial Hinge

A freely movable joint where the bones are enclosed in a capsule filled with synovial fluid. This type of joint allows for a wide range of motion, like the elbow joint which allows for flexion and extension.

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Fibrous

A type of joint where bones are connected by ligaments, allowing for minimal movement. This type of joint helps to stabilize the joint.

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Synovial Plane

A type of synovial joint that allows for gliding movements, found between the carpal bones of the wrist.

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Synovial Pivot

A type of synovial joint that allows for rotation around a central axis, found between the first and second vertebrae of the neck.

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Synovial Bicondylar

A type of synovial joint that allows for flexion and extension in one plane, found at the knee and elbow.

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Synovial Ellipsoid

A type of synovial joint that allows for movement in two planes, found at the wrist.

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Synovial Ball and Socket

A type of synovial joint that allows for movement in all planes, found at the shoulder joint.

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Clavicle

The strong, S-shaped bone that connects the shoulder blade to the sternum, providing support and stability to the shoulder complex.

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Pectoralis major

The Pectoralis major muscle is a large fan-shaped muscle that covers the chest. It originates from the clavicle, sternum, and ribs and inserts onto the humerus.

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Pectoralis minor

The Pectoralis minor muscle is a smaller, triangular muscle located beneath the pectoralis major. It originates from the ribs and inserts onto the coracoid process of the scapula.

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Subclavius

The Subclavius muscle is a small muscle that lies beneath the clavicle. It originates from the first rib and inserts onto the clavicle.

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Clavipectoral fascia

The Clavipectoral fascia is a strong layer of connective tissue that surrounds the pectoralis minor muscle. It also helps to separate the muscles of the chest from those of the shoulder.

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Subscapularis

The Subscapularis muscle is a large, triangular muscle that covers the anterior surface of the scapula. It originates from the scapula and inserts onto the humerus.

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Teres major

The Teres major muscle is a small, round muscle that lies on the posterior surface of the scapula. It originates from the scapula and inserts onto the humerus.

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Latissimus dorsi

The Latissimus dorsi muscle is a large, flat muscle that covers the lower back. It originates from the vertebrae, ribs, and iliac crest and inserts onto the humerus.

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Biceps brachii

The Biceps brachii muscle is a two-headed muscle in the anterior compartment of the arm. It originates from the scapula and inserts onto the radius.

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Coracobrachialis

The Coracobrachialis muscle is a small muscle that lies between the biceps brachii and the triceps brachii. It originates from the coracoid process of the scapula and inserts onto the humerus.

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Brachialis

The Brachialis muscle is a large muscle that lies beneath the biceps brachii. It originates from the humerus and inserts onto the ulna.

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Triceps brachii

The Triceps brachii muscle is a three-headed muscle located in the posterior compartment of the arm. It originates from the scapula and humerus and inserts onto the ulna.

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Supinator

The Supinator muscle is a large, flat muscle located in the posterior compartment of the forearm. It originates from the humerus and ulna and inserts onto the radius.

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Pronator teres

The Pronator teres muscle is a small, round muscle located in the anterior compartment of the forearm. It originates from the humerus and ulna and inserts onto the radius.

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Flexor carpi radialis

The Flexor carpi radialis muscle is a large muscle located in the anterior compartment of the forearm. It originates from the humerus and inserts onto the second metacarpal.

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Flexor digitorum superficialis

The Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle is a long, thin muscle located in the anterior compartment of the forearm. It originates from the humerus and ulna and inserts onto the middle phalanges of the fingers.

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Study Notes

Presentation Overview

  • Presenter: Dr. Eman El Sawaf
  • Department: Anatomy & Embryology
  • University: Helwan University

Practical & Oral Sheet Revision

  • The presentation involved practical and oral sheet revisions of anatomical topics.

Bone Classification: Regional

  • Skull: Axial
  • Humerus: Appendicular
  • Sternum: Axial
  • Vertebra: Axial
  • Rib: Axial
  • Scapula: Appendicular
  • Hip bone: Appendicular
  • Femur: Appendicular

Bone Classification: Developmental

  • Scapula: Membranous
  • Clavicle: Mixed
  • Skull vault: Membranous
  • Femur: Cartilaginous
  • Mandible: Mixed

Bone Classification: Morphological

  • Humerus: Long
  • Scapula: Flat
  • Sternum: Flat
  • Clavicle: Long
  • Vertebra: Irregular
  • Patella: Sesamoid
  • Hip bone: Irregular
  • Carpals: Short
  • Tarsals: Short

Bone Structural Type

  • Long bone: 1- Cancellous, 2- Compact, 3- Compact
  • Vertebra: 1- Compact, 2- Cancellous

Muscle Type, Movement & Nerve Supply

  • Visceral: Involuntary, Autonomic
  • Cardiac: Involuntary, Autonomic
  • Skeletal: Voluntary, Somatic

Joint Classification

  • Sutures: Fibrous
  • IVD (Intervertebral disc): Secondary cartilaginous
  • Elbow: Synovial hinge
  • Inferior tibio-fibular joint: Fibrous
  • Pubic symphysis: Secondary cartilaginous
  • Intercarpals: Synovial plane
  • Ankle: Synovial hinge
  • Intertarsals: Synovial plane
  • Shoulder: Synovial ball and socket
  • Knee: Synovial bicondylar
  • Wrist: Synovial ellipsoid

Bones (General Features)

  • Clavicle (Superior view): Acromial end, Posterior border, Superior surface, Anterior border, Sternal end
  • Clavicle (Inferior view): Subclavius groove

Clavicle (Articulations)

  • Sterno-clavicular joint
  • Acromio-clavicular joint

Scapula (Anterior view)

  • Acromion process
  • Superior angle
  • Superior border
  • Coracoid process
  • Lateral angle (Glenoid cavity)
  • Medial border
  • Subscapular fossa
  • Lateral border
  • Inferior angle

Scapula (Posterior view)

  • Acromion process
  • Supraspinous fossa
  • Spine
  • Infraspinous fossa

Scapula (Articulations)

  • Acromio-clavicular joint
  • Shoulder joint

Humerus (Anterior view)

  • Head
  • Anatomical neck
  • Surgical neck

Humerus (Anterior view)

  • Greater tuberosity
  • Deltoid tuberosity
  • Lesser tuberosity
  • Bicipital groove

Humerus (Anterior view)

  • Radial fossa
  • Coronoid fossa
  • Lateral epicondyle
  • Medial epicondyle
  • Capitulum
  • Trochlea

Humerus (Posterior view)

  • Radial (Spiral) groove
  • Medial epicondyle
  • Olecranon fossa
  • Trochlea
  • Lateral epicondyle

Humerus (Articulations)

  • Shoulder joint
  • Elbow joint

Radius (Anterior view)

  • Neck
  • Oblique line
  • Head
  • Radial tuberosity
  • Interosseous border
  • Ulnar notch
  • Styloid process

Radius (Posterior view)

  • Dorsal tubercle

Radius (Articulation)

  • Elbow joint
  • Superior Radio Ulnar Joint
  • Wrist Joint
  • Inferior Radio Ulnar Joint

Ulna (Anterior view)

  • Trochlear notch
  • Radial notch
  • Supinator fossa
  • Olecranon process
  • Coronoid process
  • Ulnar tuberosity
  • Interosseus border
  • Head
  • Styloid process

Ulna (Articulation)

  • Elbow Joint
  • Superior Radio Ulnar Joint
  • Inferior Radio Ulnar Joint

Bones (Attached & Related Structures)

Identify the Attached Muscle

  • Pectoralis major (Clavicular head & Sternocostal head)
  • Pectoralis minor
  • Subclavius
  • Trapezius
  • Latissimus Dorsi
  • Levator scapulae
  • Rhomboid minor
  • Rhomboid major
  • Deltoid
  • Subscapularis
  • Supraspinatus & Infraspinatus
  • Teres Minor
  • Teres Major
  • Serratus anterior
  • Biceps brachii
  • Coracobrachialis
  • Brachialis
  • Triceps brachii
  • Common extensor origin
  • Common flexor origin
  • Axillary nerve
  • Posterior circumflex humeral artery
  • Radial nerve
  • Profunda brachii artery
  • Ulnar nerve

Identify the Following

  • Subclavius

  • Pectoralis minor

  • Pectoralis major

  • First rib

  • Superior border of scapula

  • Clavicle

  • Clavipectoral fascia

  • Bicipital groove of the humerus

  •  Scapula & Subscapularis muscle

  • Teres major muscle

  • Latissimus dorsi muscle

  • Skin & fascia (axillary fascia)

  • Cords of the brachial plexus

  • Biceps & Coracobrachialis muscles

  • Lymph nodes

  • Axillary artery

  • Axillary vein

  • Brachial plexus

  • Levator scapulae

  • Rhomboid minor

  • Rhomboid major

  • Supraspinatus

  • Infraspinatus

  • Teres minor

  • Teres major

  • Subscapularis

  • Serratus anterior

  • Long head of Biceps brachii

  • Short head of Biceps brachii 

  •  Tendon of biceps brachii

  • Bicipital aponeurosis

  • Lateral head of Triceps brachii

  • Long head of Triceps brachii

  • Medial head of Triceps brachii

  • Cubital fossa

  • Brachial artery

  • Median nerve

  • Pronator teres

  • Flexor carpi radialis

  • Palmaris longus

  • Flexor carpi ulnaris

  • Flexor digitorum superficialis

  • Flexor digitorum profundus

  • Flexor pollicis longus

  • Pronator quadratus

  • Brachioradialis

  • Extensor carpi radialis longus

  • Extensor carpi radialis brevis 

  • Extensor digitorum

  • Extensor digiti minimi

  • Extensor carpi ulnaris- Anconeus

  • Supinator

  • Abductor pollicis longus

  • Extensor pollicis brevis

  • Extensor pollicis longus

  • Extensor indicis

  • Radial artery

  • Ulnar artery

  • Axillary vein

  • Basilic vein

  • Brachial veins

  • Cephalic vein

  • Median cubital vein

  • Axillary nerve

  • Musculocutaneous nerve

  • Median nerve

  • Ulnar nerve

  • Flexor retinaculum

  • Extensor retinaculum

  • Palmar aponeurosis

  • Hypothenar muscles

  • Palmaris brevis

  • Adductor pollicis

  • Thenar muscles

  • Lumbrical muscles

  • Palmar interosseus muscles

  • Dorsal interosseus muscles

Joint section (name, type, articulating bones)

  • Elbow joint: Synovial hinge (Humerus, Radius, Ulna)
  • Wrist joint: Synovial ellipsoid (Radius, scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum)

Additional notes

  • The presentation heavily emphasizes identification and classification of anatomical structures.

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Practical and Oral Sheet Revision PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on the classification of various bones, joints, and muscles in this engaging quiz. Questions cover structural types, developmental classifications, and articulations, providing a comprehensive overview of skeletal anatomy. Perfect for students of anatomy or anyone interested in human biology.

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