Bone Structure and Function Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is the definition of proximal epiphysis?

The end of the bone located farthest away from the midline of the body.

The end of the bone located nearest to the midline of the body. (correct)

The remnant of the epiphyseal plate.

The shaft of a long bone.

What is the definition of distal epiphysis?

The end of the bone located farthest away from the midline of the body. (correct)

The end of the bone located nearest to the midline of the body.

The shaft of a long bone.

Covers the surfaces of bones where they come together to form joints.

What is the proximal metaphysis?

The region in a mature bone that is sandwiched between the diaphysis and the epiphysis, containing the epiphyseal plate in a growing bone.

What is the definition of diaphysis?

Shaft of a long bone. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of articular cartilage?

Covers the surfaces of bones where they come together to form joints. Signup and view all the answers

Where is spongy bone with red marrow found?

Within the cavities of spongy bone near the middle of the diaphysis. Signup and view all the answers

What is an epiphyseal line?

Remnant of the epiphyseal plate, seen in adult bones. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes compact bone?

Hard, dense bone tissue that is beneath the outer membrane of a bone. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the endosteum?

Membranous lining of the hollow cavity of the bone. Signup and view all the answers

What does a nutrient artery do?

Large artery that enters compact bone near the middle of the diaphysis. Signup and view all the answers

What is contained in the medullary cavity?

Yellow bone marrow. Signup and view all the answers

What is the periosteum?

A dense fibrous membrane covering the surface of bones. Signup and view all the answers

What is spongy bone also known as?

Cancellous bone. Signup and view all the answers

What do trabeculae of spongy bone do?

Organized along stress lines. Signup and view all the answers

What are concentric lamellae?

Layers of bony matrix around a central canal. Signup and view all the answers

What do blood vessels do?

Carry blood throughout the body. Signup and view all the answers

What is a canaliculus?

Very small tube or channel that connects lacunae in compact bone. Signup and view all the answers

What is a lacuna?

Small cavities in bone that contain osteocytes. Signup and view all the answers

What is an osteocyte?

Mature bone cell that resides in the lacunae. Signup and view all the answers

What is a central canal?

Tiny channel in bone tissue that contains a blood vessel. Signup and view all the answers

What are perforating canals?

Canal that runs horizontally in compact bone and connects with central canals. Signup and view all the answers

What are trabeculae covered with?

Endosteum. Signup and view all the answers

What connects osteocyte lacunae?

Canaliculi. Signup and view all the answers

What are lamellae?

Concentric rings made up of groups of hollow tubes of bone matrix. Signup and view all the answers

What are trabeculae?

Supporting bundles of bony fibers in cancellous (spongy) bone. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Bone Structure Terminology

Proximal Epiphysis: End of the bone nearest to the body's midline.
Distal Epiphysis: End of the bone farthest from the body's midline.
Proximal Metaphysis: Region between diaphysis and epiphysis, contains epiphyseal plate for growth in juveniles; becomes the epiphyseal line in adults.
Distal Metaphysis: Same function as the proximal metaphysis, located at the distal end of the long bone.
Diaphysis: The shaft section of a long bone.

Bone Composition and Coverings

Articular Cartilage: Covers bone surfaces forming joints, providing a smooth interface.
Compact Bone: Dense and hard tissue beneath the bone's outer membrane, forming the outer layer.
Spongy Bone (Cancellous Bone): Lattice-like tissue found within bones, surrounding the medullary cavity, contains red marrow.
Trabeculae: Lightweight structural components of spongy bone, aligned along stress lines for support.

Bone Marrow and Cavities

Medullary Cavity: Central cavity of long bones that contains yellow bone marrow.
Red Marrow: Found in spongy bone cavities, responsible for hematopoiesis (blood cell production).
Endosteum: Membranous lining of the medullary cavity, involved in bone maintenance.

Bone Vascularization

Nutrient Artery: Major blood supply entering the compact bone near the mid-diaphysis.
Blood Vessels: Tubular structures transporting blood throughout the body.
Central Canal: Central channel in compact bone containing blood vessels and nerves.
Perforating Canals: Horizontal canals that connect with central canals, facilitating blood supply throughout the compact bone.

Bone Cellular Structure

Osteocyte: Mature bone cells residing in small cavities known as lacunae.
Lacuna: Small chambers housing osteocytes, strategically located between concentric lamellae.
Canaliculi: Microscopic channels connecting lacunae, allowing communication between osteocytes through processes and gap junctions.

Bone Matrix Structure

Concentric Lamellae: Layers of bone matrix surrounding a central canal, resembling the rings of a tree.
Lamellae: Concentric rings made up of groups of hollow tubes of bone matrix.
Trabeculae Covered with Endosteum: Supporting fibers in spongy bone, with spaces in between facilitating lightness and structural integrity.

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Description

Explore the fundamental terms related to bone structure and function with these flashcards. Learn about the proximal and distal epiphysis and the proximal metaphysis. Perfect for students studying anatomy and physiology.