Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 5 Quiz

Questions and Answers

Name three functions of the skeletal system.

Protection, support, movement

What is the anatomical name for the shaft of a long bone?

Diaphysis

What are the ends of a long bone called?

Epiphysis

What is yellow marrow?

Yellow marrow is where some blood cells develop and its yellow color is due to a higher number of fat cells. Signup and view all the answers

How do spongy and compact bone look different?

Compact bone looks smooth and homogeneous; spongy bone is composed of small needle-like pieces with lots of open space. Signup and view all the answers

Why do bone injuries heal much more rapidly than injuries to cartilage?

Lack of blood supply to cartilage. Signup and view all the answers

Compare and contrast the role of PTH (hormone) and mechanical forces acting on the skeleton in bone remodeling.

PTH determines when bone is to be broken down or formed in response to the need for calcium ions in the blood. Signup and view all the answers

Define fracture.

The cracking or breaking of a hard object or material. Signup and view all the answers

Which fracture types are most common in the elderly?

Comminuted and compression fractures. Signup and view all the answers

Why are greenstick fractures more common in children?

Children's bones are more flexible than those of adults. Signup and view all the answers

Name the three major parts of the cranium.

Support, protection, movement. Signup and view all the answers

Name the eight bones of the cranium.

1 ethmoid bone, 1 frontal bone, 1 occipital bone, 2 parietal bones, 1 sphenoid bone, 2 temporal bones. Signup and view all the answers

What bones are connected by the coronal suture?

Frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital bones. Signup and view all the answers

What bones are connected by the sagittal suture?

The two parietal bones. Signup and view all the answers

What is the exception to all skull bones being joined by sutures?

The mandible is not joined by sutures. Signup and view all the answers

What facial bone forms the chin?

Mandible. Signup and view all the answers

What is the cheekbone?

Zygomatic bone. Signup and view all the answers

Name two ways in which the fetal skull differs from the adult skull.

The fetal skull is thinner and contains fontanels. Signup and view all the answers

Name the five major regions of the vertebral column.

Cervical region, thoracic region, lumbar region, sacrum, coccyx. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the intervertebral discs?

They act as shock absorbers between the vertebrae. Signup and view all the answers

Name the major components of the thorax.

The ribs and sternum. Signup and view all the answers

What is a true rib?

A rib that is attached directly to the breastbone. Signup and view all the answers

What is a false rib?

A rib that is not attached directly to the breastbone. Signup and view all the answers

Is a floating rib a true or a false rib?

False rib. Signup and view all the answers

Why are floating ribs easily broken?

They are less stable and have only one dorsal attachment to the vertebrae. Signup and view all the answers

Name the bones of the shoulder girdle.

Clavicle and scapula. Signup and view all the answers

Name all the bones with which the ulna articulates.

Trochlea of the humerus and the radius. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Functions of the Skeletal System

The skeletal system provides protection, support, and facilitates movement.
It helps in shaping the body.

Anatomy of Long Bones

The shaft of a long bone is called the diaphysis, while the ends are known as epiphysis.
Yellow marrow, rich in fat cells, is responsible for blood cell development.
Compact bone appears smooth and dense, whereas spongy bone has a porous structure with small needle-like pieces.

Bone Injury Recovery

Bone injuries heal faster than cartilage injuries due to cartilage's limited blood supply.

Bone Remodeling

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) regulates bone remodeling based on calcium ion levels in the blood.

Fractures

A fracture is defined as the cracking or breaking of bone material.
Comminuted and compression fractures are most common in the elderly.
Greenstick fractures occur more frequently in children because their bones are more flexible.

Cranium Structure

The cranium consists of three major parts: support, protection, and movement.
It is composed of eight bones: ethmoid, frontal, occipital, two parietals, sphenoid, and two temporals.

Sutures of the Skull

The coronal suture connects the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital bones.
The sagittal suture is between the two parietal bones.

Skull Bone Connections

Most skull bones are connected by interlocking sutures, with exceptions being the paired parietal and temporal bones.

Facial Bones

The mandible forms the chin and supports the lower teeth, while the maxilla holds the upper teeth.

Fetal vs. Adult Skull

The fetal skull is characterized by its thinner bones and the presence of fontanels (soft spots).

Regions of the Vertebral Column

The vertebral column is divided into five major regions: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal.

Spinal Curvatures

Normal spinal curvatures differ from those seen in conditions like scoliosis and lordosis (visual representation required).

Intervertebral Discs

Intervertebral discs act as shock absorbers, maintaining separation between vertebrae to protect spinal nerves.

Thoracic Skeleton

The thoracic skeleton consists of ribs and the sternum, categorized as true and false ribs.
Ribs are numbered from 1 to 12 in ascending order.

Rib Classification

True ribs directly attach to the sternum, while false ribs do not.
Floating ribs are considered false ribs and are prone to fracture due to their lack of stable attachment and thin bone structure.

Shoulder Girdle

The shoulder girdle is composed of the clavicle and scapula in humans. Some species may include a coracoid bone.

Ulna Articulation

The ulna articulates with the trochlea of the humerus at the elbow, the radius near the elbow for pronation, and the distal radius.

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Description

Test your knowledge of the skeletal system with this short answer quiz. You'll explore key functions, anatomical terms, and differences between bone types. Perfect for reinforcing your understanding of chapter 5 in Anatomy & Physiology.