Bone Structure and Development Quiz

Questions and Answers

Which type of cell forms the medullary cavity in a fetal bone and removes excess bone at a fracture site?

Osteoblast

Osteocyte

Osteoclast (correct)

Osteogenic cells

Primary ossification centers develop in long bones in the __________.

diaphysis

Spongy bone differs from compact bone because spongy bone

is found in the diaphysis of long bones, whereas compact bone is found mainly in the epiphyses of long bones.

does not contain osteocytes in lacunae.

is composed of many osteons.

is composed of trabeculae that are oriented along lines of stress. (correct)

____________ run perpendicular to the osteons.

Perforating canals Signup and view all the answers

If the _____ is destroyed, bone would become flexible and unable to resist compression.

inorganic matrix Signup and view all the answers

The innermost surface of bone has a lining known as the _____.

endosteum Signup and view all the answers

The structural units of mature compact bone are called __________.

osteons Signup and view all the answers

Which canals connect lacunae together?

canaliculi Signup and view all the answers

The main central shaft of a long bone is called the ______.

diaphysis Signup and view all the answers

Which cells participate in the process of bone deposition?

osteoblasts Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures persists for life?

Articular cartilage Signup and view all the answers

In bones that have ceased to grow in length, the only cartilage that remains is the ____ on the epiphyses of bones.

articular cartilage Signup and view all the answers

All of the following components are associated with the organic matrix except

hydroxyapatite. Signup and view all the answers

Bone deposition is performed by , whereas bone resorption is performed by .

osteoblasts; osteoclasts Signup and view all the answers

Bones that are roughly cubed-shaped are classified as _____ bones.

short Signup and view all the answers

The skull and clavicle form through ________________.

intramembranous ossification Signup and view all the answers

Damage to the _________ in a long bone of a young person might cause the bone not to lengthen properly.

epiphyseal plate Signup and view all the answers

_____ produce new bone tissue by secreting matrix.

Osteoblasts Signup and view all the answers

What tissue serves as the model for bones formed during endochondral ossification?

Hyaline cartilage Signup and view all the answers

Osteoblasts become surrounded by the extracellular matrix (ECM) and become trapped within a ____.

lacuna Signup and view all the answers

Bone is considered an important storage reservoir for ________________.

calcium, phosphate, and lipids Signup and view all the answers

The main minerals bone stores are ____________________.

calcium and phosphorus Signup and view all the answers

Bones located within a tendon are classified as _____ bones.

sesamoid Signup and view all the answers

What structure allows the diaphysis of the bone to increase in length?

epiphyseal plate Signup and view all the answers

________ forms bone from within a model of hyaline cartilage.

Endochondral ossification Signup and view all the answers

The secondary ossification center in a long bone is located at the ____.

epiphysis Signup and view all the answers

____ is the internal layer of spongy bone in flat bones.

Diploë Signup and view all the answers

Thin, broad bones are classified as __________.

flat bones Signup and view all the answers

______ is the process of bone formation.

Ossification Signup and view all the answers

All the following events occur during intramembranous ossification except

enlargement of the medullary cavity. Signup and view all the answers

Bones are constantly undergoing resorption for various reasons. Which of the following cells accomplishes this process?

Osteoclast Signup and view all the answers

The ________ is the enlarged, rounded end of a long bone.

epiphysis Signup and view all the answers

Bone cells that are surrounded by bone matrix and are located within lacunae are ____.

osteocytes Signup and view all the answers

Bones perform all the following functions except ______________.

generate impulses Signup and view all the answers

The canal that runs through the core of each osteon is the site of _______________.

blood vessels and nerve fibers Signup and view all the answers

The function of yellow bone marrow is __________.

triglyceride storage Signup and view all the answers

Spongy bone is made up of a branching framework called ____.

trabeculae Signup and view all the answers

Which sequence is correct for the development of mature bone cells?

osteogenic cells → osteoblasts → osteocytes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following sequences correctly lists the order of events that occur during fracture healing?

Hematoma forms -> soft callus forms -> hard callus forms -> remodeling occurs Signup and view all the answers

Bone remodeling involves all of the following factors except:

intramembranous and endochondral ossification. Signup and view all the answers

What hormone promotes an increase in the activity of osteoclasts?

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) Signup and view all the answers

A patient shows up in the emergency department with the end of the bone protruding through his skin. What type of fracture does he have?

Compound fracture Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following sequences correctly lists the order of events that occur during fracture healing?

Hematoma forms -> soft callus forms -> hard callus forms -> remodeling occurs Signup and view all the answers

A greenstick fracture occurs primarily in __________.

children Signup and view all the answers

Bone resorption requires the activity of __________.

osteoclasts Signup and view all the answers

A ____ fracture results when the bone is shattered into multiple fragments.

comminuted Signup and view all the answers

For a person who starts running for exercise, __________.

bone deposition exceeds bone resorption Signup and view all the answers

What hormone promotes an increase in the activity of osteoclasts?

parathyroid hormone (PTH) Signup and view all the answers

Appositional growth produces __________.

growth in width Signup and view all the answers

As a result of males producing more testosterone at puberty, __________.

appositional bone growth increases Signup and view all the answers

Within the epiphyseal plate, which zone houses actively dividing cartilage cells in their lacunae?

Zone of proliferation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about bone remodeling is false?

It occurs only at the articular surface. Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone, produced by the thyroid gland, works opposite to parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

Calcitonin Signup and view all the answers

In blood calcium levels rise above normal, osteoclast activity is inhibited by the hormone ___.

calcitonin Signup and view all the answers

Blood cells are made in the red bone marrow of bones, a process known as __________.

hematopoiesis Signup and view all the answers

Thin, broad bones are classified as __________.

flat bones Signup and view all the answers

What structure allows the diaphysis of the bone to increase in length?

epiphyseal plate Signup and view all the answers

Which cells participate in the process of bone deposition?

osteoblasts Signup and view all the answers

Which canals connect lacunae together?

canaliculi Signup and view all the answers

The predominant ingredient of the inorganic matrix is calcium salts, with the majority existing as large molecules of hydroxyapatite crystals.

True Signup and view all the answers

What type of bone growth do you think a 40-year-old male experiences?

appositional growth Signup and view all the answers

What tissue serves as the model for bones formed during endochondral ossification?

hyaline cartilage Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following persists for life?

articular cartilage Signup and view all the answers

Appositional growth produces __________.

growth in width Signup and view all the answers

As a result of the increase of testosterone at puberty for males, __________.

appositional bone growth increases Signup and view all the answers

Appositional growth is a type of bone growth that new circumferential __________________ are formed.

lamellae Signup and view all the answers

In endochondral ossification _ accelerates the closure of the ________.

Testosterone, epiphyseal plate Signup and view all the answers

Epiphyseal line is the appearance of structure that signals the end of __________________________________

bone growth. Signup and view all the answers

Epiphyseal plate is a layer of cartilage when ___ growth occurs at the long bone.

hyaline cartilage, longitudinal Signup and view all the answers

Longitudinal growth is a proliferation of cells in the ____________________ promotes bone growth.

epiphyseal plate Signup and view all the answers

Bone resorption requires the activity of __________.

osteoclasts Signup and view all the answers

Bone growth and remodeling depends on adequate intake of __________.

calcium, vitamin C, and vitamin K Signup and view all the answers

What hormone promotes an increase in the activity of osteoclasts?

parathyroid hormone (PTH) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Bone Structure and Types of Cells

Osteoclasts form the medullary cavity in fetal bones and remove excess bone at fracture sites.
Osteoblasts build new bone tissue and play a key role in bone deposition.
Osteocytes reside in lacunae and maintain the bone matrix.
Osteogenic cells are precursors to osteoblasts.

Bone Development

Primary ossification centers develop in the diaphysis of long bones.
Endochondral ossification involves replacing hyaline cartilage with bone.
Intramembranous ossification occurs in flat bones like the skull and clavicle.

Bone Composition

Bone is composed of an organic matrix (collagen, proteoglycans) and inorganic matrix (hydroxyapatite).
Inorganic matrix destruction leads to flexible bone that lacks compressive strength.
Bone stores calcium, phosphate, and lipids.

Bone Anatomy

The diaphysis is the main central shaft of a long bone.
The epiphysis is the rounded end of a long bone.
Trabeculae are the structural units of spongy bone, oriented along lines of stress.
Osteons are structural units of compact bone, with a central canal housing blood vessels.

Growth and Remodeling

Appositional growth increases bone width; longitudinal growth occurs at the epiphyseal plate, which is made of hyaline cartilage.
Bone remodeling is a continuous process influenced by stress, hormones, and nutrition.
Osteoclasts perform bone resorption, while osteoblasts engage in bone deposition.

Fractures and Healing

A compound fracture features bone protruding through the skin, whereas closed fractures do not.
The healing sequence involves hematoma formation, soft callus development, hard callus formation, and remodeling.

Hormonal Regulation

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases osteoclast activity, promoting bone resorption.
Calcitonin, produced by the thyroid gland, inhibits osteoclast activity when blood calcium levels are high.
Estrogen and testosterone influence bone density, with testosterone increasing appositional growth during puberty.

Zones of the Epiphyseal Plate

The zone of proliferation houses actively dividing cartilage cells, contributing to lengthwise growth.
The arrival of testosterone accelerates epiphyseal plate closure, signaling an end to long bone growth.

Nutritional Requirements

Adequate intake of calcium, vitamin C, and vitamin K is essential for healthy bone growth and remodeling.

Summary of Bone Functions

Bones provide structural support, protect vital organs, facilitate movement, store minerals, and house blood cell production (hematopoiesis).
Thin, broad bones are classified as flat bones, while cubed-shaped bones are classified as short bones.
The diploë is the internal layer of spongy bone in flat bones, acting as a shock absorber.

Key Terms

Osteon, trabeculae, lacunae, canaliculi, epiphyseal plate, ossification, resorption, deposition, hematopoiesis, intramembranous vs. endochondral ossification.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the structure and types of cells in bone tissue, the development processes of bones, and their composition. This quiz covers essential concepts such as ossification and the roles of different bone cells.

Bone Structure and Development Quiz

Questions and Answers

Which type of cell forms the medullary cavity in a fetal bone and removes excess bone at a fracture site?

Primary ossification centers develop in long bones in the __________.

Spongy bone differs from compact bone because spongy bone

____________ run perpendicular to the osteons.

If the _____ is destroyed, bone would become flexible and unable to resist compression.

The innermost surface of bone has a lining known as the _____.

The structural units of mature compact bone are called __________.

Which canals connect lacunae together?

The main central shaft of a long bone is called the ______.

Which cells participate in the process of bone deposition?

Which of the following structures persists for life?

In bones that have ceased to grow in length, the only cartilage that remains is the ____ on the epiphyses of bones.

All of the following components are associated with the organic matrix except

Bone deposition is performed by ____, whereas bone resorption is performed by ____.

Bones that are roughly cubed-shaped are classified as _____ bones.

The skull and clavicle form through ________________.

Damage to the _________ in a long bone of a young person might cause the bone not to lengthen properly.

_____ produce new bone tissue by secreting matrix.

What tissue serves as the model for bones formed during endochondral ossification?

Osteoblasts become surrounded by the extracellular matrix (ECM) and become trapped within a ____.

Bone is considered an important storage reservoir for ________________.

The main minerals bone stores are ____________________.

Bones located within a tendon are classified as _____ bones.

What structure allows the diaphysis of the bone to increase in length?

________ forms bone from within a model of hyaline cartilage.

The secondary ossification center in a long bone is located at the ____.

____ is the internal layer of spongy bone in flat bones.

Thin, broad bones are classified as __________.

______ is the process of bone formation.

All the following events occur during intramembranous ossification except

Bones are constantly undergoing resorption for various reasons. Which of the following cells accomplishes this process?

The ________ is the enlarged, rounded end of a long bone.

Bone cells that are surrounded by bone matrix and are located within lacunae are ____.

Bones perform all the following functions except ______________.

The canal that runs through the core of each osteon is the site of _______________.

The function of yellow bone marrow is __________.

Spongy bone is made up of a branching framework called ____.

Which sequence is correct for the development of mature bone cells?

Which of the following sequences correctly lists the order of events that occur during fracture healing?

Bone remodeling involves all of the following factors except:

What hormone promotes an increase in the activity of osteoclasts?

A patient shows up in the emergency department with the end of the bone protruding through his skin. What type of fracture does he have?

Which of the following sequences correctly lists the order of events that occur during fracture healing?

A greenstick fracture occurs primarily in __________.

Bone resorption requires the activity of __________.

A ____ fracture results when the bone is shattered into multiple fragments.

For a person who starts running for exercise, __________.

What hormone promotes an increase in the activity of osteoclasts?

Appositional growth produces __________.

As a result of males producing more testosterone at puberty, __________.

Within the epiphyseal plate, which zone houses actively dividing cartilage cells in their lacunae?

Which of the following statements about bone remodeling is false?

Which hormone, produced by the thyroid gland, works opposite to parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

In blood calcium levels rise above normal, osteoclast activity is inhibited by the hormone ___.

Blood cells are made in the red bone marrow of bones, a process known as __________.

Thin, broad bones are classified as __________.

What structure allows the diaphysis of the bone to increase in length?

Which cells participate in the process of bone deposition?

Which canals connect lacunae together?

The predominant ingredient of the inorganic matrix is calcium salts, with the majority existing as large molecules of hydroxyapatite crystals.

What type of bone growth do you think a 40-year-old male experiences?

What tissue serves as the model for bones formed during endochondral ossification?

Which of the following persists for life?

Appositional growth produces __________.

As a result of the increase of testosterone at puberty for males, __________.

Appositional growth is a type of bone growth that new circumferential __________________ are formed.

In endochondral ossification ___________________ accelerates the closure of the __________________________.

Epiphyseal line is the appearance of structure that signals the end of __________________________________

Epiphyseal plate is a layer of __________________ cartilage when _____________________ growth occurs at the long bone.

Longitudinal growth is a proliferation of cells in the ____________________ promotes bone growth.

Bone resorption requires the activity of __________.

Bone growth and remodeling depends on adequate intake of __________.

What hormone promotes an increase in the activity of osteoclasts?

Study Notes

Bone Structure and Types of Cells

Bone Development

Bone Composition

Bone Anatomy

Bone deposition is performed by , whereas bone resorption is performed by .

In endochondral ossification _ accelerates the closure of the ________.

Epiphyseal plate is a layer of cartilage when ___ growth occurs at the long bone.