Bone Pathology and Developmental Disorders

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary cause of genu varum in infants aged 0-18 months?

Neuromuscular disorders

Growth spurts

Bone deformities

Age-related factors (correct)

Which symptom is commonly associated with scoliosis?

Pain from secondary structure compressions (correct)

Hypertonicity of the hip flexors

Restricted shoulder movement

Increased lumbar lordosis

What is the common age for infants to exhibit genu valgum characteristics?

3.5 years (correct)

4 years

5 years

2 years

In Scheuermann's disease, what postural deviation is primarily observed?

Hyperkyphosis Signup and view all the answers

What condition is frequently associated with idiopathic scoliosis?

Hemi vertebra Signup and view all the answers

How can massage therapy be beneficial for managing scoliosis?

It can help decrease secondary compressions. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about genu varum in adults is correct?

It can lead to joint degeneration over time. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of genu valgum?

Lax medial collateral ligaments Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary etiology of osteopenia?

High acidity in the blood Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is associated with congenital torticollis?

Head turned to one side Signup and view all the answers

What typically results from the imbalance between bone resorption and formation in osteoporosis?

Higher risk of vertebral fractures Signup and view all the answers

What is a common massage consideration for a patient with osteopenia?

Treatment of underlying pathology Signup and view all the answers

What injury mechanism can lead to torticollis during delivery?

Use of forceps Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a major symptom of osteoporosis?

Fractures that lead to falls Signup and view all the answers

In osteopenia, a decrease in what substance can contribute to bone mass loss?

Vitamin D Signup and view all the answers

What is one possible consequence of aging in relation to osteoporosis?

Increased risk of fractures Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary risk associated with Legge-Calve-Perthe syndrome?

Fracture or dislocation Signup and view all the answers

What type of infection is primarily caused by direct contamination of a wound or fracture?

Osteomyelitis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common symptom of chronic osteomyelitis?

Long-term bone deformity Signup and view all the answers

When is it appropriate to use massage therapy for a patient suspected of having osteomyelitis?

After the infection has resolved Signup and view all the answers

Insufficient blood flow can lead to which of the following conditions?

Skin infection progression to bone Signup and view all the answers

What potential cause is associated with Legge-Calve-Perthe syndrome?

Acute trauma or malnutrition Signup and view all the answers

What is an effect of corticosteroids in the treatment of bone conditions?

Promotion of healing in surrounding structures Signup and view all the answers

What is advised for massage therapy intervention when faced with a suspected infection?

Waiting until the infection resolves Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary characteristic of compensatory symptoms associated with femoral head necrosis?

Limited abduction and internal rotation Signup and view all the answers

Which age group is primarily affected by avascular necrosis of the femoral head?

Children aged 3-12 Signup and view all the answers

In the context of Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip, which factor is known to contribute to this condition?

Genetics and breech delivery Signup and view all the answers

During manual testing for Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip, which sign is indicative of the condition?

Positive Ortolani sign Signup and view all the answers

What common treatment method is used for Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip?

Bracing, harnessing, or splinting Signup and view all the answers

What is the common result of overuse during athletic activities in adolescents?

Enlarged tibial tuberosity Signup and view all the answers

What demographic is more likely to experience lax ligaments contributing to hip dysplasia?

Females due to hormonal factors Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential risk associated with Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip if left untreated?

Avascular necrosis of the femoral head Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant risk factor for fractures in menopausal women?

Small frame Signup and view all the answers

What condition is primarily associated with vitamin D deficiency?

Osteomalacia Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment approach should be prioritized to help clients at risk of falls during massage therapy?

Strengthening exercises and safety measures Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrient's deficiency can contribute to muscle weakness and stress fractures?

Calcium Signup and view all the answers

What potential complication can arise from corticosteroid use?

Bone resorption increase Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of osteomalacia?

Bone pain and tenderness Signup and view all the answers

What role does estrogen play in bone health?

Inhibits bone resorption Signup and view all the answers

How can massage therapy be beneficial for clients with osteomalacia?

By addressing deep pain and muscle weakness Signup and view all the answers

What happens to calcium levels in the blood when they are low due to hyperparathyroidism?

The parathyroid hormone releases more calcium from the bones. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of Ricket's, impairing its ability to absorb Calcium and Vitamin D?

Kidney disorders preventing activation of Vitamin D. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes Juvenile Osteomalacia in terms of bone structure?

Delayed ossification and softness of bone. Signup and view all the answers

Which skeletal structure is most affected by Paget’s Disease?

Axial skeleton. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms is NOT typically associated with Ricket's?

Hypercalcification of bones. Signup and view all the answers

Which condition could lead to insufficient nutrient absorption due to issues with the biliary system?

Obstructive jaundice. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common outcome when growth plates do not calcify properly?

Stunted growth and abnormal bone structure. Signup and view all the answers

How does cystic fibrosis affect growth?

It leads to significant growth delays. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Bone Pathology

Osteonecrosis:
- Blood supply interruption to the bone marrow (ischemia)
- Causes: trauma, fractures, thrombosis, embolism, sickle cell disease, idiopathic, corticosteroids
- Symptoms: Bone death, pain (even at rest), mobility issues (limited ROM)
- Massage considerations: Often treated after medical interventions like surgery. Risk of infection. Avoid treatment until cleared by doctors. Address any associated pathology or immobilization-related issues.

Developmental Disorders (A)

Legg-Calvé-Perthes:
- Unknown cause, potentially related to trauma or malnutrition affecting the femoral head.
- Symptoms: Pain in the thigh and knee, difficulty walking, limping, limited abduction and internal rotation, disturbed growth pattern.
- Massage considerations: Can help with compensatory symptoms like posture or gait issues.
Osgood-Schlatter:
- Overuse during development of the quad muscles, strain on patellar tendon. Primarily affects white males aged 3-12.
- Symptoms: Abnormal tibial tuberosity, pain in front of knee, pain with activity, and swelling/thickening of the patellar tendon.
- Massage considerations: Focus on decreasing quad tone and addressing inflammation.

Developmental Disorders (B)

Scheuermann Disease:
- Lax ligaments, more common in left hip than right, usually found in females.
- Symptoms: Structural hyperkyphosis, most common in adolescents
- Massage considerations: Treat associated dysfunctions via bracing/splinting or surgery.
Genu Varum:
- Bow legged. Mostly in infants from ages 0-18 months. Can also occur in adults.
- Symptoms: Gait awkwardness.
- Massage considerations: Address medial collateral ligament laxity and gait awkwardness, focus on postural symptoms.
Genu Valgum:
- Knock-kneed. Infants are typically knock-kneed around 3.5 years when crawling. Can also occur in adults
- Symptoms: Gait awkwardness. Lax medial collateral ligaments
- Massage considerations: Address medial collateral ligament laxity and gait awkwardness, focus on postural symptoms.

Scoliosis

Causes: Congenital (hemi/wedge vertebra, uneven limb length), Neuromuscular (Cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy), other diseases affecting nerves or muscles. Often seen in females, adolescents, right thoracic area. Can be idiopathic (unknown cause).
Symptoms: Structural scoliosis; pain secondary to structure compression; rib humping, uneven shoulders, one hip higher than the other
Massage considerations: Address pain from secondary structure compressions, treat associated rib humping, uneven shoulders, or hip differences. Consider other associated conditions that may require caution.

Metabolic Diseases

Osteopenia:
- Decrease in bone mass. Bone deformation. Can occur with or in conjunction with other pathologies. This can happen in individuals with anorexia
- Symptoms: Decreased bone mass, deformation of bones, possible remineralization issues.
- Massage considerations: Treatment of underlying causes, physical therapy to improve bone mass and density, weight-bearing exercises.
Osteoporosis:
- Imbalance between bone resorption and formation. Can often occur in aging individuals, as more bone is resorbed than formed. Can occur as a result of mineral deficiency.
- Symptoms: Susceptibility to fractures, vertebral collapse, Dowager's hump, deep bony pain. Often asymptomatic.
- Massage considerations: Address fractures, vertebral collapse, and other associated pain issues. Consider surgical interventions. Educate on routine screening for earlier detection and proactive approaches.
Osteomalacia:
- Deficiencies in calcium, vitamin D, and phosphate. Lack of intestinal mineral absorption.
- Symptoms: Bone pain and tenderness, muscle weakness, fractures that have poor healing, potential hyperparathyroidism.
- Massage considerations: Focus on strengthening and pain reduction. Be mindful of potential stress fractures.
Rickets:
- Similar pathologies in relation to osteomalacia. These pathologies are in relation to the growing skeleton, bone is made of cartilage and is not yet fully developed or calcified.
- Symptoms: Less long bone growth, enlargement of epiphyseal cartilage (which isn't properly replaced with bone, delayed ossification, enlarged soft skull/lumbar lordosis.
- Massage considerations: Cautious approach necessary, as the bone is still made of cartilage.

Other (Page 6)

Paget's disease:
- Osteoclasts resorb bone at a fast rate followed by chaotic bone formation. This process is caused by genetic or environmental influences, or it can be viral.
- Symptoms: Bone pain, skull involvement leading to headaches/vertigo/tinnitus; osteogenic sarcoma (bone tumor); potential for fractures/bowing due to poorly formed bone.
- Massage considerations: Address pain and potential need for external support.
Acute Fatigue:
- Increased activity, viral/bacterial infection, mental stress, using crutches
- Symptoms: Muscle stress and fatigue.
- Massage considerations: Treatment of underlying conditions.
Chronic Fatigue:
- Prolonged exhaustion, often related to bedridden periods and loss of muscle mass and endurance, associated with anxiety or depression.
- Symptoms: Prolonged exhaustion/anxiety/depression, muscle weakness/disuse, symptoms of recurrent exacerbations/remissions
- Massage considerations: Address symptoms; observe for other underlying medical and/or psychological complications.

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Description

Explore key concepts of bone pathology including osteonecrosis and developmental disorders like Legg-Calvé-Perthes and Osgood-Schlatter. This quiz covers causes, symptoms, and massage considerations for each condition. Test your understanding of these important orthopedic topics.