Pathology of anemia
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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of a Bone Marrow Biopsy (BMB) procedure?

  • To examine the normal production of cells in the histopathology lab (correct)
  • To examine the respiratory capacity of blood
  • To transplant bone marrow for therapeutic purposes
  • To diagnose bone disorders

    • Why is Bone Marrow Biopsy contraindicated in patients with hemorrhagic or bone disorders?

  • It can cause pain and complications in those patients (correct)
  • It is ineffective in diagnosing anemia
  • It is an unnecessary diagnostic procedure
  • It can lead to further abnormalities in RBCs

    • How is a patient positioned for a Bone Marrow Biopsy procedure?

  • Supine position
  • Lithotomy position
  • Prone position
  • Lateral decubitus position (correct)

    • What is one of the steps involved in preparing a bone marrow sample for examination?

    <p>Sterilizing the area before sample collection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is anemia defined?

    <p>A decrease in oxygentransporting capacity of blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is taking a Bone Marrow Biopsy from the sternum considered very painful?

    <p>Sensitivity of nerve endings near the sternum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a high reticulocyte index (RI) indicate?

    <p>Compensatory RBC production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a cause of aplastic anemia?

    <p>Excessive RBC production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of pancytopenia?

    <p>Decreased counts of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom commonly associated with aplastic anemia?

    <p>Mucosal bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between aplastic anemia and pure red cell aplasia?

    <p>Pure red cell aplasia involves pancytopenia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main clinical significance of a hypocellular bone marrow with fatty infiltration?

    <p>Aplastic anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of anemia is characterized by a corrected reticulocyte count?

    <p>Normocytic anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition can cause anemia due to a deficiency in or impaired use of vitamin B12 and folic acid?

    <p>Pernicious anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of anemia is characterized by deficient heme synthesis?

    <p>Iron deficiency anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anemia associated with chronic kidney disease is due to which factor?

    <p>Erythropoietin deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a cause of microcytic anemia?

    <p>Pernicious anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Defective globin synthesis is a feature of which type of anemia?

    <p>Thalassemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which finding on bone marrow biopsy is characteristic of anemia due to Vitamin B12 deficiency?

    <p>Horseshoe-shaped nuclei in metamyelocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of intrinsic factor (IF) in the pathogenesis of Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia?

    <p>Protecting B12 from degradation by intestinal enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which clinical finding is characteristic of severe Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia?

    <p>Congestive heart failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely cause of Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia in a patient who had a gastrectomy?

    <p>Autoimmune destruction of parietal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can anemia due to folate deficiency be best distinguished from anemia due to Vitamin B12 deficiency?

    <p>By measuring serum and red cell folate levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common neurological symptom seen in patients with Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia?

    <p>Numbness and tingling in feet and hands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is characteristic of severe iron deficiency?

    <p>Koilonychia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can develop in iron deficiency anemia with characteristics such as dysphagia and atrophic glossitis?

    <p>Plummer-Vinson syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature is seen in the bone marrow biopsy of a patient with impaired DNA synthesis due to B12 and folate deficiency?

    <p>Horseshoe-shaped nuclei of neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is a result of the depletion of essential iron-containing enzymes in severe iron deficiency?

    <p>Alopecia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What underlying cause results in hypersegmented neutrophils in peripheral blood smear due to impaired DNA synthesis?

    <p>Folate Deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which clinical finding is associated with celiac disease or after gastrectomy?

    <p>Thinning of part in the esophagus due to mucosal damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the average volume per red cell, expressed in femtoliters?

    <p>Mean cell volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which red blood cell morphology resembles a shooting target with a dark center surrounded by a white ring?

    <p>Target Cell (Codocyte)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes red blood cells with a crescent shape that occurs under low oxygen conditions?

    <p>Sickle Cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes red blood cells with thorny spike-like projections?

    <p>Acanthocyte (spur cell)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the coefficient of variation of red cell volume?

    <p>Red cell distribution width</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes small, spherical red blood cells without central pallor?

    <p>Spherocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes elongated fade in the center of a red blood cell?

    <p>Stomatocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of red blood cells have a slit-like or coffee bean shape?

    <p>Sickle Cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Acanthocytes' refer to RBCs with thorny spike-like projections and can occur in which condition?

    <p>In iron deficiency anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of red blood cell morphology is characterized by fragmented cells and can be seen in patients with thalassemia?

    <p>Schistocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for red blood cells that have spine projections and smaller, more uniform projections than acanthocytes?

    <p>Echinocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following descriptive terms is associated with a red blood cell having a central pallor that exceeds one-third of the cell diameter?

    <p>Hypochromia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the mechanical squeezing of a red blood cell causing it to 'shed a tear' and acquire a teardrop shape?

    <p>Echinocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes a red blood cell with elongated, cigar or sausage shape due to mutations in genes encoding RBC membrane proteins?

    <p>Elliptocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the morphology of an RBC when it shows Cabot’s ring?

    <p>Ring shape or figure-8 structure in the RBC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes basophilic stippling in red blood cells?

    <p>Deep blue granules of variable size in the RBC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic appearance of Howell-Jolly bodies in red blood cells?

    <p>Round solid dark inclusion in the RBC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition results in agglutination of red blood cells?

    <p>Immune system disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean when red blood cells are said to form Rouleaux?

    <p>RBCs aggregate due to antibacterial proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Agglutination and Rouleaux formation in red blood cells cannot occur simultaneously due to what reason?

    <p>Mutually exclusive mechanisms governing each process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe red blood cells that have a slit-like or coffee bean shape?

    <p>Stomatocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms refers to red blood cells that resemble a shooting target with a dark center surrounded by a white ring?

    <p>Codocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for red blood cells that have thorny spike-like projections?

    <p>Acanthocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes small, spherical red blood cells without central pallor?

    <p>Spherocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for red blood cells that exhibit elongated fade in the center?

    <p>Echinocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term is used to describe the coefficient of variation of red cell volume?

    <p>RDW</p> Signup and view all the answers

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