Lecture 1 - Bone Pathophysiology and Fractures
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Questions and Answers

What is responsible for the tensile strength and form of cartilage?

  • Proteoglycans
  • Chondrocytes
  • Protein macromolecules
  • Collagen (correct)

    • Which growth factor stimulates maturation of bone callus?

  • Fibroblast growth factor
  • Transforming growth factor
  • Platelet-derived growth factor (correct)
  • Insulin-like growth factor

    • What is the main tissue affected by osteoarthritis?

  • Metaphyseal vessels
  • Calcified cartilage
  • Subchondral bone
  • Articular cartilage (correct)

    • Which hormone stimulates fractures healing with a mechanism of receptors?

    <p>Estrogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unique characteristic of chondrocytes in cartilage?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cytokine stimulates bone formation and bone resorption?

    <p>IL-1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do prostaglandins E stimulate in bone?

    <p>Bone neo-formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which growth factor antagonizes the action of other growth factors?

    <p>Transforming growth factor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of leukotrienes in bone?

    <p>Globally stimulate the deposition of bone matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor involved in local regulation of bone healing?

    <p>Growth factors and growth factors antagonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cartilage is found in the trachea and bronchi?

    <p>Hyaline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of chondrocytes in cartilage?

    <p>Production and maintenance of the surrounding matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of lamellar bone?

    <p>Collagen fibers running parallel to one another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of osteocytes in bone metabolism?

    <p>Regulation of bone metabolism in response to chemical and physical stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary composition of the bone's extracellular matrix?

    <p>65% Primarily hydroxyapatite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism responsible for bone remodeling?

    <p>Cutting cones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism by which bone grows in thickness?

    <p>Periosteal ossification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the requirement for bone formation?

    <p>Adequate blood supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of blood supply for long bones?

    <p>Intramedullary nutrient artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of osteoclasts in bone healing?

    <p>Bone resorption and remodeling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of immature bone (non-lamellar)?

    <p>Disorganized collagen fiber bundles running in various directions through the matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of osteoblasts in bone healing?

    <p>Production of osteoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of the organic component of bone?

    <p>Collagen (type I), osteocalcin, osteonectin, proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans, lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism through which bone grows in length?

    <p>Endochondral ossification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cartilage Structure and Function

    • Collagen fibers and proteoglycans are responsible for the tensile strength and form of cartilage.
    • Chondrocytes have the unique characteristic of being surrounded by a matrix of collagen and proteoglycans.

    Bone Growth and Development

    • Growth factor TGF-β stimulates the maturation of bone callus.
    • The main function of chondrocytes in cartilage is to synthesize and maintain the extracellular matrix.

    Bone Healing and Remodeling

    • Parathyroid hormone (PTH) stimulates fractures healing through a mechanism of receptors.
    • Interleukin-11 (IL-11) is a cytokine that stimulates both bone formation and bone resorption.
    • Prostaglandins E stimulate bone resorption.
    • FGF-2 (Fibroblast Growth Factor-2) antagonizes the action of other growth factors.
    • Leukotrienes are involved in the regulation of bone metabolism.

    Bone Structure and Composition

    • The primary composition of the bone's extracellular matrix is collagen and hydroxyapatite.
    • The organic component of bone is composed of collagen and proteoglycans.
    • Lamellar bone is characterized by its organized, layered structure.
    • Immature bone (non-lamellar) is characterized by its disorganized, woven structure.

    Bone Metabolism

    • Osteocytes are involved in the regulation of bone metabolism.
    • Osteoclasts are responsible for bone resorption during bone healing.
    • Osteoblasts are responsible for bone formation during bone healing.

    Bone Growth and Development

    • Bone growth in thickness occurs through the process of apposition.
    • Bone growth in length occurs through the process of endochondral ossification.
    • The requirement for bone formation is a sufficient supply of osteoblasts and osteoclasts.

    Blood Supply

    • The primary source of blood supply for long bones is the nutrient artery.

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    1 Bone Pathophysiology and Fractures .ppt

    Description

    Test your knowledge of the histological classification of bone with this quiz. Learn about lamellar bone and immature bone, and understand the biological principles of bone and cartilage healing. Ideal for students of anatomy, histology, and orthopedics.

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