Bone Healing and Fracture Repair Quiz

<p>Simple fractures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hematoma formation, soft callus formation, hard callus formation, remodeling phase. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Complete immobility and close apposition of bone fragments. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endochondral ossification involves cartilage as an intermediate, while intramembranous ossification does not. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Secondary (indirect) bone healing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Delayed union (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inhibiting angiogenesis to reduce inflammation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Osteoprogenitor cell (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>35% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Type I collagen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gaps less than 300 microns (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood vessels and connective tissue form before bone deposition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To stimulate osteoclast activity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Direct (primary) healing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Indirect fracture healing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Complete cessation of osteogenic activity at the fracture site. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Viable (Vascular) and Nonviable (Avascular) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rounding of fracture edges and resorption of bone. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inadequate stabilization of the fracture. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adherence to proper fracture fixation techniques. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mildly Hypertrophic nonunion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bone plate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intermediate fracture fragments healing exclusively to one main fragment. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The fracture fragments have no blood supply and cannot heal to any main fragment. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Large loss of bone at the fracture site. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is the end result of other nonviable nonunions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Appropriate and rigid implant fixation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diabetes Mellitus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Movement felt at the fracture site. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A visible fracture gap with no activity at the fracture ends. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rigidly stabilizing the fracture and enhancing blood supply. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Five times (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A fracture that heals in a non-anatomic position. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Limited range of motion during healing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A fracture that has not healed in the expected timeframe. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>80-85% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Graft within the same individual (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Osteoconduction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inducing cells to promote new bone formation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ensuring the graft is completely dry before implantation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Healing that occurs directly at the fracture site with contact or gap between bone ends.

Healing characterized by the formation of a callus and is a more indirect process.

The process by which bone forms directly from mesenchyme without a cartilage model.

The process where bone forms by replacing a cartilage template.

Conditions like delayed union, nonunion, and malunion where normal healing does not occur.

A common type of fracture healing involving callus formation rather than direct union.

The initial phase of fracture healing where blood collects around the fracture site, causing inflammation.

The phase of fracture healing characterized by the formation of a temporary soft tissue bridge across the fracture.

The stage in fracture healing where a hard bony callus is formed, replacing the soft callus.

The final phase of fracture healing where bone is reshaped and strengthened over time after healing.

Sources for bone grafts primarily found in specific locations.

Cells responsible for producing new bone.

A type of bone healing requiring small fracture gaps and rigid fixation.

The change in length of a fracture gap expressed as a percentage.

Healing method for gaps less than 300 microns using cutting cones.

Type of healing occurring in gaps less than 1 mm with new tissue formation.

Tissue that can withstand 100% strain during the healing process.

The process of forming new osteons through osteoclast activity followed by osteoblast deposition.

A healing process involving callus formation and less rigid fixation compared to direct healing.

The early stage of indirect fracture healing where a soft tissue callus forms around the fracture site.

The stage in indirect fracture healing where a hard tissue callus replaces the soft callus.

A condition where the fracture site shows no evidence of osteogenic activity, requiring surgical intervention.

A type of nonunion with abundant callus but no bridging across the fracture site, often called 'the elephant foot'.

A type of nonunion with mild callus and no bridging, referred to as 'the horses foot'.

A type of nonunion where no callus is formed, just fibrous tissue at the fracture ends.

Healing is a continuum; indirect healing is faster than direct, involving different fixation methods.

Fracture fragments heal to one main fragment, not the other, often due to poor blood supply.

Fragments lack blood supply and cannot heal to main fragments; often leads to sequestrum requiring surgery.

Large bone defect where ends cannot bridge despite having blood supply.

Final stage of nonviable nonunions; most challenging to treat and uncommon.

Various factors like infection, ischemia, and improper fixation that prevent fracture healing.

Symptoms such as pain, lameness, disuse atrophy, and movement at fracture site.

X-ray findings like fracture gap, no activity at fracture ends, and osteopenia.

Segment of necrotic bone that must be surgically removed due to nonunion.

A fracture that fails to heal properly after an appropriate time.

A fracture that heals in a non-anatomic position.

A fracture that has not healed in the expected time frame.

The space between fractured bone ends that may hinder healing.

Nutrient arteries and other vessels that provide essential blood flow to bones.

A bone graft taken from the same individual.

The process of new bone formation from grafts.

Graft acts as a scaffold for bone growth.

Situations where bone grafting is necessary, like nonunions and fractures.

Material that enhances bone regeneration during grafting.