Bone Growth and Fractures

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Questions and Answers

What is the first step in the process of bone healing?

Callus formation

Bone remodeling

Formation of a bony callus

Hematoma formation (correct)

What type of tissue is formed during the second stage of fracture healing?

Compact bone

Spongy bone

Cartilage only

Fibrocartilage (correct)

Which part of the axial skeleton does NOT belong to the bony thorax?

Vertebral column

Sternum

Ribs

Clavicle (correct)

What occurs as the final step in the bone healing process?

Bone remodeling (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary structure of the axial skeleton?

Longitudinal axis of the body (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which bone of the lower leg is larger and medially oriented?

Tibia (D) Signup and view all the answers

What forms the inner part of the ankle?

Medial malleolus (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the fibula is true?

It is lateral to the tibia. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the tibia articulates with the femur to form the knee joint?

Medial and lateral condyles (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the fibula in relation to the knee joint?

It has no role in forming the knee joint. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary curvatures of the vertebral column?

Thoracic and sacral regions (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which curvature forms an S-shape in adults?

Secondary curvatures (A) Signup and view all the answers

How many vertebrae comprise the cervical curvature?

7 (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which part is NOT a component of a typical vertebra?

Intervertebral disc (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the number of thoracic vertebrae?

12 (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic shape of the spine in newborns?

C-shaped (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the vertebra is responsible for protecting the spinal cord?

Vertebral foramen (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of curvature is the sacral curvature classified as?

Primary curvature (A) Signup and view all the answers

What structure is primarily responsible for the growth in length of long bones during childhood?

Epiphyseal plate (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true regarding articular cartilage?

It remains throughout life and covers the ends of bones. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What occurs to cartilage at the epiphyseal plate as bones grow?

It is replaced by bone as the cartilage cells divide. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which component of bone growth helps in the formation of a bone collar?

Hyaline cartilage model (A) Signup and view all the answers

In which region does new bone most actively replace cartilage?

Epiphyseal plate (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of growth blood vessels in bone development?

They are involved in the width growth of bones. (A) Signup and view all the answers

How does spongy bone differ from hyaline cartilage in terms of function?

Spongy bone supports new blood vessel growth; hyaline cartilage does not. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to cartilage as a child matures and grows?

Cartilage is gradually replaced by bone, especially in growth areas. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of synovial joint shape?

Quadrilateral joint (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of bursae in synovial joints?

To reduce friction (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of joint is classified as a biaxial joint?

Saddle joint (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a tendon sheath?

To protect and cushion a muscle's tendon (B) Signup and view all the answers

In a synovial joint, what type of cartilage covers the ends of the bones?

Hyaline cartilage (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these components is NOT considered part of a synovial joint?

Bursa (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint allows for rotational movement around a single axis?

Pivot joint (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about synovial joints is true?

They are surrounded by an articular capsule. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Bone Growth and Remodeling

Long bones grow in length due to cartilage growth at the epiphyseal plate
Cartilage is replaced by bone at the epiphyseal plate
Articular cartilage remains at the ends of the bones and doesn't get replaced by bone
Growth in bone width is achieved by bone forming on the outside of bone (periosteum)
Bone remodeling occurs throughout life and involves bone resorption and deposition
Bone remodeling is influenced by hormones, physical activity, and diet
During bone repair, a hematoma forms at the fracture site
Fibrocartilage callus forms after the hematoma
Bony callus forms replacing the fibrocartilage callus
Bone remodeling occurs to remodel the bony callus into mature bone

Bone Fractures

Bone fractures are breaks in the bone
Common types of fractures include simple, compound, comminuted, and greenstick fractures

Axial Skeleton

The axial skeleton forms the longitudinal axis of the body
The axial skeleton is divided into the skull, vertebral column, and bony thorax

Vertebral Column (Spine)

There are 33 vertebrae in the vertebral column, including 24 presacral and 9 sacral vertebrae
The primary spinal curvatures are in the thoracic and sacral regions
Primary spinal curvatures are present at birth
Secondary spinal curvatures are in the cervical and lumbar regions
Secondary spinal curvatures develop after birth
Each vertebra consists of a body, vertebral arch, vertebral foramen, transverse processes, spinous process, and superior and inferior articular processes

Bones of the Lower Limbs

The lower leg has two bones: the tibia (shinbone) and fibula
The tibia is larger and medially oriented
The fibula is thin and sticklike and lateral to the tibia
The distal end of the tibia forms the medial malleolus, which forms the inner part of the ankle
The distal end of the fibula forms the lateral malleolus, which forms the outer part of the ankle

Joints

Synovial joints are freely movable joints
Synovial joints are characterized by the presence of a joint cavity, articular cartilage, synovial membrane, and articular capsule
The joint cavity is filled with synovial fluid, which lubricates the joint and reduces friction
Bursae are flattened fibrous sacs that are lined with synovial membranes and filled with synovial fluid
Tendon sheaths are elongated bursae that wrap around tendons
Types of synovial joints are classified based on shape: plane, hinge, pivot, condylar, saddle, and ball-and-socket
Plane joints allow for gliding movement
Hinge joints allow for uniaxial movement, such as flexion and extension
Pivot joints allow for uniaxial rotation
Condylar joints allow for biaxial movement, such as flexion, extension, adduction, abduction
Saddle joints allow for biaxial movement, such as flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and circumduction
Ball-and-socket joints allow for multiaxial movement, such as flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, rotation, and circumduction

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Description

Explore the processes of bone growth, remodeling, and the various types of fractures in this informative quiz. Learn about the anatomy of the axial skeleton and the role of cartilage and hormones in these critical functions. Test your knowledge on how bones adapt and repair throughout life.