60 Questions
What are the three segments that make up the sternum?
Upper, middle, lower
Which condition is characterized by an increased lateral curvature of the spinal column?
Scoliosis
How many pairs of true ribs are there in the ribcage?
7 pairs
Which part of the sternum usually fuses by 25 years of age?
All parts fuse at the same time
What vertebral column disorder may occur due to a herniated disc?
Spondylosis
Which bone carries the upper teeth in the alveolar margin and forms the hard palate of the mouth?
Maxillae/maxillary bones
Which bone is commonly referred to as the cheekbones and forms the lateral walls of the orbits or eye sockets?
Zygomatic bone
What part of the skull contains a small depression called the sella turcica, enclosing the pituitary gland?
Sphenoid bone
Which bone allows nerve fibers carrying impulses from olfactory/smell receptors of the nose to reach the brain?
Cribriform plates
What is the function of the paranasal sinuses surrounding the nasal cavity?
Amplify sounds we make as we speak
Which region of the vertebral column is responsible for supporting the body's weight?
Lumbar vertebrae
How many cervical vertebrae are there in the vertebral column?
7
What are the fibrous membranes connecting the cranial bones in a fetal skull called?
Fontanelles
Which part of the spinal column allows for forward, backward, and twisting motions of the neck?
Cervical vertebrae
What is composed of five vertebrae that fuse together to form a triangular shape in the vertebral column?
Sacrum
Which part of the skull forms the forehead, the bony projections under the eyebrows, and the superior part of each eye’s orbit?
Frontal bone
What is the name of the canal on the temporal bone that leads to the eardrum and the middle ear?
External acoustic meatus
Which bone of the cranium lies inferior to the parietal bones?
Temporal bones
Which bone marking on the temporal bone is a thin bridge of bone that joins with the cheekbone?
Zygomatic process
What is the large opening at the base of the occipital bone called?
Foramen magnum
Which bone serves as the passageway for tears in each orbit?
Lacrimal bone
What is the largest and strongest bone of the face?
Mandible
Which bone forms the bony nasal septum in the nasal cavity?
Vomer bone
Which bone is horseshoe-shaped and serves as a moveable base that supports the tongue?
Hyoid bone
What are the thin, curved bones projecting medially from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity called?
Inferior nasal conchae
Which part of the axial skeleton forms the longitudinal part of the body?
Vertebral column
What disorder is characterized by an excessive posterior curvature in the thoracic region of the vertebral column?
Kyphosis
Which part of the axial skeleton consists of 12 pairs of ribs?
Thoracic vertebrae
In adults, what happens when bone resorption outpaces bone deposition?
Decreased bone mass
Which type of bone fracture involves a break that does not penetrate the skin?
Closed fracture
What is the first phase of the healing process for bone fractures?
Reactive phase
Which type of fracture involves the broken bone penetrating through the skin?
Open fracture
Which vertebral column disorder may occur due to a herniated disc?
Slipped disc
In the rib cage, how many pairs of ribs are considered to be true ribs?
7 pairs
What condition is characterized by an abnormal forward curvature of the lumbar spine?
Lordosis
Which type of bone fracture involves the bone bending but not breaking all the way through?
Greenstick fracture
What is the term for a lateral curvature of the spine, often in an S-shape?
Scoliosis
What is the function of the pelvic girdle in the human body?
Primarily concerned with movement of the lower limbs
In the human body, where is the glenoid cavity located?
In the shoulder blade (scapula)
During development, what type of bone formation occurs in the foot?
Endochondral ossification
Which bone of the lower limb articulates with the tibia to form the knee joint?
Patella
What is the primary function of the lower limbs in human anatomy?
Support the body's weight and enable locomotion
Which part of the lower limb is commonly known as the shinbone?
Tibia
What is the anatomical name for the heel bone in the human foot?
Calcaneus
What is the function of the patella in the human body?
Stabilizing the knee joint
Which bone forms the thigh bone?
Femur
What are the bones that form the wrist collectively known as?
Carpals
How many bones make up the palm of the hand?
5
Which part of the pelvis protects several organs, including the reproductive and urinary systems?
Pubic bone
Which bone is commonly known as the hip bone and is composed of fused bones?
Ilium
In what region do the head of the femur and the acetabulum articulate?
Hip joint
What is the function of the femur bone?
Supporting body weight
What is the name of the triangular bone that develops in the quadriceps tendon?
Patella
Which part of the foot has 7 tarsal bones?
Tarsus
From which germ layer in embryos does most skeletal tissue arise?
Mesoderm
How many arches are formed in the bones of the foot?
Three (Two longitudinal, One transverse)
Which bones of the lower limbs articulate with the femur on their posterior surface?
Patella
How do skull bones develop from the ectoderm layer?
Both a and b
What is the name of the bone forming the shinbone in the lower leg?
Tibia
Which part of the skeletal system forms from cartilage of the pharyngeal arches?
Cartilaginous viscerocranium
Study Notes
- The bony thorax forms a protective cage around major organs in the thoracic cavity, including the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels.
- It is made up of the sternum (manubrium, body, xiphoid process), 12 pairs of ribs (7 true, 5 false, 2 floating), and thoracic vertebrae.
- Disorders related to the bony thorax can include exaggerated spinal column curves like scoliosis, kyphosis, and lordosis.
- In the vertebral column, disorders like herniated discs may occur due to trauma or aging, leading to the nucleus pulposus leaking out.
- The fetal skull is relatively large compared to the infant's total body length, with fontanelles allowing brain growth and converting to bone within 24 months after birth.
- The vertebral column supports the body axially, consists of 33 bones, and is separated by intervertebral discs to protect the spinal cord.
- The axial skeleton comprises 80 bones, including the skull, vertebral column, and bony thorax, serving as the longitudinal part of the body.
Test your knowledge on bone fractures and the healing process with this quiz. Questions cover different types of fractures such as open, comminuted, greenstick, and impacted fractures, as well as the stages in the healing of a bone fracture.
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