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Questions and Answers

What is the primary mechanism by which muscle contraction is initiated?

  • Breakdown of the muscle fiber cell membrane
  • Binding of actin with myosin
  • Action potential spreading from the nerve terminal (correct)
  • Release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum

    • Which of the following is a consequence of rhabdomyolysis due to traumatic cause?

  • Electrolyte Imbalance
  • Muscle Swelling (correct)
  • Myalgia
  • Acute Kidney Injury

    • What is the function of ATP in muscle metabolism?

  • To release myoglobin into systemic circulation
  • To fuel complex muscle contraction and drive the cross-bridge of actin and myosin (correct)
  • To break down the muscle fiber cell membrane
  • To transport calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum

    • Which of the following is a potential cause of rhabdomyolysis?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the breakdown of the muscle fiber cell membrane in rhabdomyolysis?

    <p>Entry of sodium and calcium into the myocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'all or nothing' principle in muscle physiology?

    <p>The principle that muscle contraction is an all-or-nothing response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bone fracture typically occurs in young males and old people?

    <p>Tibial fractures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between primary direct healing and secondary indirect healing of bone fractures?

    <p>Formation of a callus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of bone healing does the hematoma form?

    <p>Inflammatory phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the temporary displacement of a bone from its joint?

    <p>Dislocation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of injury is characterized by the inflammation of a tendon at the location of its attachment to the bone?

    <p>Epicondylitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the inflammation of bursa sacs that are located on tendons, muscles, or bony prominences?

    <p>Bursitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of muscular cell death in rhabdomyolysis?

    <p>Depletion of ATP leading to increased intracellular calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of osteocytes in bone maintenance?

    <p>To maintain bone by signaling osteoblasts and osteoclasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between osteoporosis and osteomalacia?

    <p>Osteoporosis is caused by low bone density, while osteomalacia is caused by inadequate mineralization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of RANKL in bone metabolism?

    <p>To activate osteoclasts and promote bone resorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of Paget's disease?

    <p>Excessive bone resorption and formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of all bone tumors?

    <p>Mesoderm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of osteoprotegerin (OPG) in bone metabolism?

    <p>To block the effects of RANKL and osteoclast activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic symptom of rhabdomyolysis?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of osteoporosis?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the criteria for malignancy in bone tumors?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of noninflammatory joint disease?

    <p>Presence of systemic signs and symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of cartilage destruction in osteoarthritis?

    <p>Proteolytic destruction of cartilage matrix and chondrocyte death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis but not osteoarthritis?

    <p>Hypersensitivity reaction to antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of uric acid in the body?

    <p>Purine breakdown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a complication of osteomyelitis?

    <p>Microscopic chambers in the bone are hard to penetrate with antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of joint damage in gout?

    <p>Crystal formation in the synovial fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a risk factor for osteoarthritis?

    <p>Hormonal status</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of bone destruction in osteomyelitis?

    <p>Thrombosis and necrosis caused by bacterial infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of osteomyelitis but not osteoarthritis?

    <p>Infection of the bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of joint inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis?

    <p>Hypersensitivity reaction to antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

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