Bone and Soft tissue Quiz

Which component makes up two-thirds of the extracellular matrix of bone?

Where are osteocytes located within the bone?

Which cells are responsible for bone resorption?

During embryogenesis, how do long bones develop?

What type of bone is rapidly formed, more cellular, and has a random orientation?

How is compact (cortical) bone organized?

What is the function of the Haversian canal in bone?

What is the function of osteoblasts in bone?

How do osteocytes communicate with the Haversian canal?

What is the organic component of the extracellular matrix of bone known as?

Which condition is characterized as a group of inherited diseased caused by impaired maturation of type I collagen and fragile bones that fracture easily?

What is the most common skeletal dysplasia?

Which condition is caused by mutations in the FGFR3 gene and is characterized by extremely short limbs and folds of extra skin on the arms and legs?

Which condition is characterized by abnormal dentine structure affecting either the primary or both the primary and secondary dentitions, resulting in discolored teeth with structural defects?

What is the main defect in Achondroplasia?

Which condition is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner?

Which condition is characterized by short limbs, a normal trunk, and a large head?

Which condition is fatal in utero in its type 2 form?

Which condition can result in hearing loss due to damage to middle ear bones?

Which condition is characterized by blue sclerae?

Which type of bone development is responsible for the development of flat bones?

What connects the parallel Haversian canals to one another in bone?

What cells are responsible for creating the lamellae of the Haversian systems in bone?

What happens to osteoblasts as they secrete matrix in bone?

What is the main defect in Achondroplasia?

What is the main cause of death in most infants with Thanatophoric dysplasia?

Which condition is characterized by abnormal dentine structure affecting the teeth?

Which condition is caused by mutations in the FGFR3 gene and is characterized by short limbs and folds of extra skin on the arms and legs?

What is the main treatment for osteoporosis?

Which factor can contribute to decreased vitamin D production?

What is the radiological finding in osteomalacia?

What is the primary cause of osteopenia in hyperparathyroidism?

Which X-ray finding is NOT associated with hyperparathyroidism?

What is the histopathological finding in hyperparathyroidism?

What can hyperparathyroidism cause in bone?

What is the main defect in osteogenesis imperfecta?

Which condition is characterized by a defect in osteoclastic activity, resulting in thickened and heavily mineralized bones?

What is the most common form of osteoporosis?

Which condition is caused by mutations in the genes for type I collagen, leading to defective bone formation and skeletal fragility?

Which condition is characterized by defects in one bone or a group of bones?

Which condition is characterized by global defects of the skeleton, affecting both bone and cartilage?

Which gene mutations are responsible for achondroplasia and thanatophoric dysplasia, both of which manifest as dwarfism?

Which condition is characterized by hard but brittle bones?

What is the rate of bone loss per year in senile osteoporosis?

Which condition is characterized by a net gain in bone due to minimal resorption, resulting in thickened and brittle bones?

Which form of osteopetrosis is characterized by mutations in CA2 or TCIRG1 and is severe since infancy with extramedullary hematopoiesis and ultimately death?

Which condition is characterized by defective bone formation and skeletal fragility, and is caused by mutations in the genes for type I collagen (DGI1)?

Which condition is characterized by insufficient mineralization of bone due to vitamin D deficiency or its abnormal metabolism?

What is the primary cause of osteopenia in hyperparathyroidism?

Which factor can contribute to decreased vitamin D production?

Which condition is characterized by impaired mineralization of bone matrix and deficient mineralization at the cartilage of growth plates in children?

Which condition is characterized by insufficient mineralization of bone due to vitamin D deficiency or its abnormal metabolism?

What is the function of the Haversian canal in bone?

Bone loss predisposes to microfractures and secondary hemorrhages that elicit an influx of macrophages and an ingrowth of reparative fibrous tissue, creating a mass of reactive tissue known as a __________??

What is the most common cause of osteomyelitis in children?

What is the most common cause of osteomyelitis in adults?

Which organism is commonly associated with osteomyelitis in children with sickle cell anemia?

Which organism is commonly associated with 80-90% pyogenic osteomyelitis?

Which term refers to dead bone in osteomyelitis?

Which term refers to a shell of fibrous tissue and cells around dead bone in osteomyelitis?

Which condition is characterized by pain, increased size of bone, and bowing or deformity?

What is the term used to describe the stage of Paget disease-osteitis deformans where there is a gain in bone mass, but the bone is disordered?

What is the histology finding in Paget disease-osteitis deformans?

What is the sequence of fracture healing stages in bone?

What is the main characteristic of polyostotic Paget disease-osteitis deformans?

Which condition is characterized by joint effusion, osteopenia, and cartilage erosion on X-ray?

Which condition is characterized by ulnar deviation and swan neck deformity?

Which condition is characterized by systemic arthritis affecting small joints-hands and feet, MCP, PIP and has synovial hyperplasia?

Which condition is characterized by joint destruction and may lead to instability or ankylosis?

Which condition is characterized by joint involvement in adults and is commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus?

Which condition is characterized by joint involvement in adults and is commonly caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae?

Which condition is characterized by joint involvement and migratory arthritis, and can be caused by Borrelia burgdorferi?

Which condition is characterized by fever, malaise, and elevated Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)?

What is the histological finding in acute osteomyelitis?

Which condition is characterized by the possibility of bone destruction, sequestrum, and involucrum if the conditions do not stop?

Which condition can result in limb length discrepancies and extension into joints along with amyloidosis and epithelialization of tracts and squamous carcinoma?

Which condition is characterized by degenerative changes in weight-bearing joints, such as hips and knees?

What is the main cause of osteoarthritis?

Which condition is characterized by symmetric arthritis affecting small joints, such as hands and feet and genetic factors HLA II?

What is the histological finding in rheumatoid arthritis?

Which condition is characterized by fibrous and bony ankylosis and the formation of rheumatoid nodules?

Which condition is commonly confused with osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and gout?

What type of crystals are characteristic of pseudogout?

Which condition is characterized by chronic tophaceous gout?

Which condition is characterized by fibrous and bony ankylosis and the formation of rheumatoid nodules?

What is the main treatment for osteoarthritis?

Which condition is characterized by joint effusion, osteopenia, and cartilage erosion on X-ray?

Which type of joint is characterized by a synovial lining with synoviocytes and lacks a basement membrane?

Which type of cartilage lacks blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves, and is composed of water, hyaluronic acid, proteoglycans, and collagen type II?

Which condition is characterized by attacks of acute arthritis, tophi at different sites, and nephropathy caused by MSU precipitation?

Which condition is characterized by needle-shaped, slender crystals and negative birefringence?

Which condition is commonly confused with gout and is characterized by deposition of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals?

Which condition is characterized by chalky deposits, less inflammation, and can present as acute, subacute, chronic, or asymptomatic?

Which condition is characterized by hyperuricemia, with uric acid levels above 6.8 mg/dL, and can be primary or secondary?

Which condition is characterized by crystals and tophi formed by monosodium urate (MSU) deposition?

Which condition is characterized by attacks of acute arthritis, tophi at different sites, and can affect knee, wrists, elbows, and shoulders in a mono- or polyarticular pattern?

Which type of joint is characterized by fibrous and cartilaginous/synchondrosis? Where fibrous referees to the cranial sutures, bonds between roots of teeth and jawbones and cartilaginous/synchondrosis refers to symphysis between strenum and ribs, pelvis bone?

What is the main treatment for Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)?

Which condition is characterized by a herniation of the synovium through the joint capsule?

Which condition is characterized by a reciprocal somatic chromosomal translocation t (1;2) (p13; q37) and also is brown with finger like projections, numerous macrophages with hemosiderin, scattered multinucled cell?

Which condition is characterized by a characteristic focus known as a nidus cortical lesion and more than half occurring intibia and femur?

Which condition is histologically similar to osteoid osteoma, but is larger than 2 cm?

Which condition is characterized by a predilection for vertebrae (40%)?

Which condition is characterized by occurring more than half of the time in the tibia and femur?

Which condition is characterized by being painful and responding to NSAID/aspirin?

Which location is most commonly associated with conventional osteosarcoma?

What is the diagnostic feature of osteosarcoma?

Which genetic anomaly is most commonly associated with osteosarcoma?

Which type of osteosarcoma is characterized by a prominent extracortical calcified mass that encircles the bone?

What is the recommended treatment approach for osteosarcoma?

Which cell cycle regulator is overexpressed in low-grade osteosarcoma?

Which condition is characterized by a cartilage capped bony projection on the surface of bone, often seen in autosomal dominant hereditary syndromes?

What is the typical size of the cartilaginous cap in an osteochondroma?

Which condition is characterized by a cartilaginous cap that is less than 2 centimeter and trabecular bone and medullary cavity?

Which condition is characterized by painless, small, no fracture, can be central or periosteal, and can cause Ollier's or maffucci?

Which condition is characterized by a mutation in EXT1 and EXT2?

Which type of tumor produces cartilage and is considered malignant?

Where do chondroblastoma typically occur?

Which type of chondrosarcoma arises from a benign precursor?

How are chondrosarcomas graded?

What is the 5-year survival rate for Grade 3 chondrosarcomas?

What is the recommended treatment approach for chondrosarcomas?

Which grade of tumors has high cellularity, extreme pleomorphism with bizarre tumor giant cells, mitoses, and necrosis?

What is the characteristic of Grade 1 tumors?

Which type of bone tumor is characterized by the lack of bone and cartilage and have multinucleated cells with 100+ nuclei?

Which chromosome rearrangement is associated with the development of Aneurysmal Bone Cyst (ABC)?

Which type of bone tumor is characterized by a t(11;22) translocation and CD99 positivity?

Which type of cancer is most commonly metastatic to bone in adults?

Which type of tumor is the most common benign lipomatous tumor?

Which malignancy is associated with the MDM2 and CDK4 genes?

Which type of tumor is characterized by a t(12, 16) translocation?

Which type of tumor is characterized by highly atypical cells?

Which condition is characterized by a somatic gain-of-function mutation in the GNAS1 gene and is composed of curvilinear trabeculae of woven bone surrounded by a moderately cellular fibroblastic proliferation?

Which gene fusion is associated with the overexpression of USP6 in aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC)?

What is the consequence of increased USP6 expression in aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC)?

How does increased NF-κB activity contribute to the pathogenesis of aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC)?

Which condition is characterized by a mutation in the CTNNB1 or APC gene? They recur but do not metastasize.

Which tumor is composed of cellular fibrous tissue and metaplastic bone, and is commonly seen in young, active males with a history of trauma?

Which tumor is a benign smooth muscle tumor commonly found in the uterus, gastrointestinal tract, and subcutaneous tissues?

Which tumor is a malignant smooth muscle tumor that accounts for 10-20% of all sarcomas?

Which tumor is a malignant skeletal muscle tumor that is commonly seen in children (embryonal and alveolar types) and adults (pleomorphic type)?

Which tumor is a benign vascular tumor commonly seen in infants and children?

Which tumor is an intermediate vascular tumor commonly seen in immunocompromised individuals, such as those with HIV/AIDS?

Which tumor is a malignant vascular tumor that arises from the lining of blood vessels and can occur in any age group?

Which tumor is a benign peripheral nerve tumor commonly associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and has the potential to transform into a malignant tumor?