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Questions and Answers
What are bones composed of?
What are bones composed of?
Bones are composed of a variety of tissues including bone tissue, cartilage, dense connective tissue, blood, and nervous tissue.
What are the functions of bones?
What are the functions of bones?
They support and protect softer tissues, provide points of attachment for muscles, house blood-producing cells, and store inorganic cells.
What do the organic and inorganic matter of living bone consist of?
What do the organic and inorganic matter of living bone consist of?
The organic matter mostly consists of embedded cells and collagen fibers. The inorganic matter is mostly complex salt crystals, hydroxyapatite, consisting of calcium phosphate.
What are long bones?
What are long bones?
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What are short bones?
What are short bones?
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What are flat bones?
What are flat bones?
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What are irregular bones?
What are irregular bones?
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What are sesamoid bones?
What are sesamoid bones?
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Know the structure of a long bone?
Know the structure of a long bone?
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What is an osteon (Haversian system)?
What is an osteon (Haversian system)?
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What does the central canal contain?
What does the central canal contain?
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What is lamella?
What is lamella?
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What is a lacuna?
What is a lacuna?
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What is bone extracellular matrix composed of?
What is bone extracellular matrix composed of?
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What is a canaliculus?
What is a canaliculus?
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What is the epiphyseal plate?
What is the epiphyseal plate?
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Where is the articular cartilage located?
Where is the articular cartilage located?
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What is the diaphysis?
What is the diaphysis?
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What is the periosteum?
What is the periosteum?
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What is compact (dense) bone?
What is compact (dense) bone?
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What is spongy (cancellous) bone?
What is spongy (cancellous) bone?
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What is the medullary (marrow) cavity?
What is the medullary (marrow) cavity?
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What is the endosteum?
What is the endosteum?
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What does yellow bone marrow do?
What does yellow bone marrow do?
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What does red bone marrow produce?
What does red bone marrow produce?
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Study Notes
Bone Composition and Functions
- Bones consist of various tissues: bone tissue, cartilage, connective tissue, blood, and nervous tissue.
- Functions include support and protection, muscle attachment, housing blood-producing cells, and storing inorganic materials.
Organic and Inorganic Matter
- Organic matter is around one-third of bone composition, including embedded cells and collagen fibers.
- Inorganic matter, primarily composed of hydroxyapatite, consists of calcium phosphate.
Types of Bones
- Long Bones: Longer than wide with expanded ends (e.g., femur, humerus).
- Short Bones: Cube-shaped with equal length and width (e.g., carpals, tarsals).
- Flat Bones: Wide surfaces that may be curved (e.g., cranial bones, ribs).
- Irregular Bones: Various shapes, often connecting with multiple bones (e.g., vertebrae, sphenoid).
- Sesamoid Bones: Small bones embedded in tendons near joints, primarily the patella.
Structure of Long Bones
- Key elements include proximal and distal epiphysis, diaphysis, articular cartilage, and various types of marrow (red and yellow).
- Surrounded by periosteum and lined by endosteum.
Osteon Structure
- Osteon (Haversian System): Cylinder-shaped unit of compact bone.
- Central Canal: Contains blood vessels and nerves.
- Lamella: Concentric ring of bone matrix surrounding the central canal.
- Lacuna: Chamber housing osteocytes.
- Canaliculus: Tiny tubes containing cellular processes.
Bone Marrow and Membranes
- Yellow Bone Marrow: Found in the medullary cavity, stores adipose tissue.
- Red Bone Marrow: Located in spongy bone, responsible for blood cell production.
- Periosteum: Dense connective tissue membrane covering bones, excluding articular surfaces.
- Endosteum: Thin membrane lining the medullary cavity, composed of reticular connective tissue.
Summary of Key Bone Components
- Diaphysis: Shaft of long bones connecting the epiphyses.
- Articular Cartilage: Smooth tissue covering the ends of the epiphyses for joint movement.
- Epiphyseal Plate: Hyaline cartilage zone for growth in long bones.
- Compact Bone: Makes up the diaphysis and outer surfaces of epiphyses.
- Spongy Bone: Contains trabeculae, a lattice framework within epiphyses.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the classification and structure of bones in this Chapter 12 quiz. From the composition of bones to their functions, understand the role they play in the human body. Perfect for students studying anatomy and biology.