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Questions and Answers
What is the most common surgical approach for treating bone cancer?
What is the most common surgical approach for treating bone cancer?
What is the purpose of using neoadjuvant chemotherapy in bone cancer treatment?
What is the purpose of using neoadjuvant chemotherapy in bone cancer treatment?
Which of the following is NOT an adverse effect of chemotherapy?
Which of the following is NOT an adverse effect of chemotherapy?
In which scenario might rotationplasty be utilized?
In which scenario might rotationplasty be utilized?
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What is the role of radiation therapy in treating bone sarcomas?
What is the role of radiation therapy in treating bone sarcomas?
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What is a common physical manifestation of Cushing disease?
What is a common physical manifestation of Cushing disease?
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Which diagnostic method is part of the therapeutic management for Cushing disease?
Which diagnostic method is part of the therapeutic management for Cushing disease?
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What is the primary goal of hypophysectomy in the treatment of Cushing disease?
What is the primary goal of hypophysectomy in the treatment of Cushing disease?
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Which type of surgery for tumor removal in Cushing disease involves endoscopy?
Which type of surgery for tumor removal in Cushing disease involves endoscopy?
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What type of therapy may be needed after surgery for patients with Cushing disease?
What type of therapy may be needed after surgery for patients with Cushing disease?
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Which of the following is NOT a warning sign of cancer as outlined by CAUTION US?
Which of the following is NOT a warning sign of cancer as outlined by CAUTION US?
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What does the 'N' in the TNM cancer staging system represent?
What does the 'N' in the TNM cancer staging system represent?
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What is the significance of the Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC) in cancer treatment?
What is the significance of the Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC) in cancer treatment?
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What is the recommended frequency for Pap smear testing in women aged 21 to 65?
What is the recommended frequency for Pap smear testing in women aged 21 to 65?
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In performing breast self-examinations (BSE), when is the best time for women to do so?
In performing breast self-examinations (BSE), when is the best time for women to do so?
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What are appropriate precautions to take for infection prevention in patients with low white blood cell counts?
What are appropriate precautions to take for infection prevention in patients with low white blood cell counts?
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What drug type is administered 24 hours after chemotherapy to help stimulate growth in patients with low ANC?
What drug type is administered 24 hours after chemotherapy to help stimulate growth in patients with low ANC?
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What is the main difference between malignant and benign tumors?
What is the main difference between malignant and benign tumors?
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Which condition is considered an oncologic emergency related to neutropenia?
Which condition is considered an oncologic emergency related to neutropenia?
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What is the lowest point of blood levels after chemotherapy referred to as?
What is the lowest point of blood levels after chemotherapy referred to as?
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What precaution should be taken with a patient who has had a mastectomy?
What precaution should be taken with a patient who has had a mastectomy?
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Why must a patient's weight be monitored at every treatment?
Why must a patient's weight be monitored at every treatment?
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What is the first step in confirming a cancer diagnosis?
What is the first step in confirming a cancer diagnosis?
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What is the nadir in relation to ANC?
What is the nadir in relation to ANC?
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How can infection risks be minimized for patients undergoing chemotherapy?
How can infection risks be minimized for patients undergoing chemotherapy?
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Which of the following is NOT a symptom that may interfere with regular activities during chemotherapy?
Which of the following is NOT a symptom that may interfere with regular activities during chemotherapy?
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What is a necessary safety precaution regarding chemotherapy administration?
What is a necessary safety precaution regarding chemotherapy administration?
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Which side effect is NOT typically associated with chemotherapy?
Which side effect is NOT typically associated with chemotherapy?
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Which of the following is an oncology emergency?
Which of the following is an oncology emergency?
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What should caregivers do after chemotherapy exposure?
What should caregivers do after chemotherapy exposure?
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Which action is critical for patient education regarding chemotherapy?
Which action is critical for patient education regarding chemotherapy?
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What is the primary reason for checking pre-infusion labs?
What is the primary reason for checking pre-infusion labs?
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Which of the following best describes the role of chemotherapy?
Which of the following best describes the role of chemotherapy?
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What is a potential socioeconomic impact of cancer treatment?
What is a potential socioeconomic impact of cancer treatment?
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Which treatment is often used for NSCLC in Stage III & IV?
Which treatment is often used for NSCLC in Stage III & IV?
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What factor is NOT typically considered when determining a chemotherapy plan?
What factor is NOT typically considered when determining a chemotherapy plan?
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Which of the following is a modifiable risk factor for prostate cancer?
Which of the following is a modifiable risk factor for prostate cancer?
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Which screening method is suggested to begin at age 45 for average-risk colorectal cancer patients?
Which screening method is suggested to begin at age 45 for average-risk colorectal cancer patients?
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What is a common presenting symptom of testicular cancer?
What is a common presenting symptom of testicular cancer?
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What is the main reason why screening for colorectal cancer is necessary?
What is the main reason why screening for colorectal cancer is necessary?
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What characterizes palliative medicine in cancer care?
What characterizes palliative medicine in cancer care?
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Which type of breast cancer is known for affecting the lobules?
Which type of breast cancer is known for affecting the lobules?
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What is a significant prognostic factor in colorectal cancer?
What is a significant prognostic factor in colorectal cancer?
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Which treatment is common for metastatic testicular cancer?
Which treatment is common for metastatic testicular cancer?
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What is a potential long-term effect of hormonal therapy for prostate cancer?
What is a potential long-term effect of hormonal therapy for prostate cancer?
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Which factor is least likely to be monitored during chemotherapy?
Which factor is least likely to be monitored during chemotherapy?
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What is a common recommendation for patients diagnosed with testicular cancer prior to treatment?
What is a common recommendation for patients diagnosed with testicular cancer prior to treatment?
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Study Notes
Oncology Nursing Points
- Warning signs of cancer (CAUTION US) include changes in bowel pattern, a sore that does not heal, unusual bleeding, thickening of breast, testicle, skin, indigestion, changes in moles, nagging cough, unexplained anemia, or unexplained weight loss.
- All cancer diagnoses require biopsy and/or histologic examination.
- Cancer staging is done using TNM (Tumor, Node, Metastasis) scoring.
- Stage 0: carcinoma in situ—cancer is localized
- Stage 1: local tumor growth
- Stage II: limited spreading
- Stage III: regional spreading
- Stage IV: metastasis to other organs
- Examples of TNM scoring (Tis, NO, MO) indicate that cancer is localized.
- Mitosis is normal cell division.
- Apoptosis is cellular activity that involves programmed cell death.
- Benign tumors do not spread to other tissues or organs.
- Monthly testicular self-examination is important for early detection.
- Cervical cancer screening, including Pap smears, should be performed regularly.
- Women over 40 should have annual mammograms.
- Men over 50 should have regular prostate examinations.
- Removal of the prostate gland (TURP) can be achieved via various methods.
- Chemotherapy precautions include awareness of nadir (lowest blood levels).
- Chemotherapy is administered by nurses with specialized training.
- Avoid exposure when handling chemo.
- Neutropenia (low WBC- neutrophils), Leukopenia (low WBC- granulocytes), and thrombocytopenia (low platelet count) are potential complications.
- Radiation can cause skin burns, requiring hydration.
- Monthly breast and testicular self-exams are crucial for early detection.
Chemotherapy
- Antineoplastic chemotherapy is used to kill cancer cells.
- Chemotherapy can be given before (neoadjuvant), during, or after (adjuvant) surgery.
- Staff and patients should follow infection prevention practices.
- Blood counts are important to track.
- Effective coping is key to patient well-being.
Radiation Therapy
- Radiation therapy destroys cancer cells with high-energy particles, beams, or waves.
- Treatment is often given daily, over a period of time to avoid damaging healthy cells.
- There are different types of radiation therapy (e.g., fractionated, hypofractionated, hyperfractionated).
- Treatment has side effects.
- Fatigue, skin irritation, site-specific issues can occur.
Other Cancers
- Cervical cancer is a sexually transmitted infection and is directly linked to HPV. -Vaccination available for those 26 and younger -More common worldwide than in U.S. -Treatment and survival rates vary based on stages.
- Lung cancer is the most common cause of lung cancer related death. -Screening is important, but smoking cessation is the best prevention.
- Prostate cancer- the second most common cancer in males.
- Treatment depends upon staging and varies vastly.
- Stomach Cancer- four most common form of cancer. -Often asymptomatic in the initial stages. -Treatment depends on staging.
- Liver cancer- Often develops as a consequence of other cancers, or as a response to liver disease. -Screening should be considered for certain high-risk patients. -Early detection and treatment are important.
- Kidney cancer- is most common in older adults. -More common in men than women. -Treatment typically involves surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation, depending on the stage.
- Thyroid cancer is divided by the type of cells involved. -The majority are well differentiated.
- -Treatment: often surgery, and potentially radioiodine.
- Multiple myeloma- involves malignant plasma cells.
- Treatment focuses on supportive care and alleviating symptoms.
- Melanoma- can develop from any skin lesion and is the deadliest skin cancer. -Can develop in any tissue, but begins at skin level first most commonly.
- Bone cancer- rare occurrence in adults. -Typically metastasis from another cancer is the more common cause of bone cancer in adults. -Treatment usually involves surgery, and potentially other modalities. -Bone is frequently involved by metastasis.
- Ovarian cancer is common, though is difficult to diagnose because symptoms might not be clear initially. -Treatments frequently involve surgery and chemo for disease that has advanced.
- Brain tumors can originate in the brain or spread to it from other areas of the body.
- Treatment approaches vary depending on tumor type, location, and patient characteristics.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the treatment approaches for bone cancer and Cushing disease. This quiz covers surgical methods, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and diagnostic techniques relevant to these conditions. Evaluate your understanding of the key aspects of managing these serious health issues.
