Bone and Joint Disorders Quiz

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What is the function of PTH?

Indirectly increases phosphate reabsorption in the kidneys, stimulates bone resorption, decreases plasma calcium levels

Mobilizes calcium from bone, enhances renal reabsorption of calcium, indirectly increases intestinal absorption of calcium (correct)

Stimulates bone formation, decreases plasma calcium levels, decreases intestinal absorption of calcium

Inhibits calcium reabsorption in the kidneys, decreases plasma calcium levels, decreases bone resorption

What is the function of calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol/Vitamin D3)?

Decreases plasma calcium levels, inhibits bone formation

Regulated at the kidneys by PTH, increases intestinal absorption of calcium (correct)

Enhances renal excretion of calcium, decreases phosphate reabsorption in the kidneys

Stimulates bone resorption, inhibits calcium reabsorption in the intestines

What activates adenylyl cyclase and intracellular calcium mobilization in response to PTH binding?

PTH (correct)

Calcitonin

PTH-related peptide (PTHrP)

Calcitriol

Where is the Ca2+-Sensing Receptor (CaSR) expressed?

Kidneys, thyroid C cells, brain Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is primarily responsible for enhancing Ca2+ uptake from the small intestine?

Calcitriol Signup and view all the answers

What is the major effect of PTH on phosphate handling?

Promote phosphate excretion Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is released when plasma Ca2+ increases?

Calcitonin Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary target of 1, 25-(OH)2D3 (Vitamin D)?

Intestines and bone Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of hypercalcemia in primary hyperparathyroidism?

Chief cell adenomas Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for hypoparathyroidism?

Vitamin D supplements and PTH therapy Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important etiologic factor in osteoporosis?

Gonadal steroid deficiency Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Bisphosphonates?

Stimulate osteoclast apoptosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of PTH Derivatives like teriparatide (Forteo)?

Stimulate new bone formation Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of osteomalacia in children?

Vitamin D deficiency Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of estrogen deficiency in osteoporosis?

Increased bone turnover and enhanced resorption Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of hypercalcitoninemia in Medullary Carcinoma (Thyroid)?

High calcitonin Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

Mobilizes calcium from bone Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Ca2+-Sensing Receptor (CaSR)?

Responds to changes in extracellular calcium levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the main site of production regulation for calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol/Vitamin D3)?

Kidneys Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is considered most important for calcium balance in adults?

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary target of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

Bone Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of oxyphil cells in the parathyroid glands?

Produce parathyroid hormone (PTH) Signup and view all the answers

What activates adenylyl cyclase and intracellular calcium mobilization in response to parathyroid hormone (PTH) binding?

Calcium ions Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone enhances renal reabsorption of calcium?

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary ligand for the Ca2+-Sensing Receptor (CaSR)?

Calcium (Ca2+) Signup and view all the answers

What is the size range of chief cells in the parathyroid glands?

Small (4-8 µm) Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone controls calcium homeostasis and is very sensitive to small changes in serum calcium concentration?

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) Signup and view all the answers

What is the physiological function of calcium in the body?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Calcitonin?

Blocks bone resorption induced by hormones like PTH and Vitamin D Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 (FGF-23)?

Regulates serum phosphate homeostasis, vitamin D metabolism, bone mineralization Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary target of 1, 25-(OH)2D3 (Vitamin D)?

Intestines and bone Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of PTH on phosphate handling?

Promotes phosphate excretion in the kidneys Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Bisphosphonates?

Suppress bone resorption Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of hypercalcemia in primary hyperparathyroidism?

Chief cell adenomas Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of estrogen deficiency in osteoporosis?

Increased bone turnover and enhanced resorption Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of PTH Derivatives like teriparatide (Forteo)?

Stimulate new bone formation Signup and view all the answers

Where is the Ca2+-Sensing Receptor (CaSR) predominantly expressed?

Parathyroid glands Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of hypercalcitoninemia in Medullary Carcinoma (Thyroid)?

Calcitonin overproduction Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important etiologic factor in osteoporosis?

Gonadal steroid deficiency Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Osteocytes?

Mechanoreception and transduction of loading signals Signup and view all the answers

Bone and Joint Disorders Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the function of PTH?

What is the function of calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol/Vitamin D3)?

What activates adenylyl cyclase and intracellular calcium mobilization in response to PTH binding?

Where is the Ca2+-Sensing Receptor (CaSR) expressed?

Which hormone is primarily responsible for enhancing Ca2+ uptake from the small intestine?

What is the major effect of PTH on phosphate handling?

Which hormone is released when plasma Ca2+ increases?

What is the primary target of 1, 25-(OH)2D3 (Vitamin D)?

What is the most common cause of hypercalcemia in primary hyperparathyroidism?

What is the treatment for hypoparathyroidism?

What is the most important etiologic factor in osteoporosis?

What is the mechanism of action of Bisphosphonates?

What is the primary action of PTH Derivatives like teriparatide (Forteo)?

What is the most common cause of osteomalacia in children?

What is the primary effect of estrogen deficiency in osteoporosis?

What is the cause of hypercalcitoninemia in Medullary Carcinoma (Thyroid)?

What is the primary function of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

What is the function of the Ca2+-Sensing Receptor (CaSR)?

What is the main site of production regulation for calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol/Vitamin D3)?

Which hormone is considered most important for calcium balance in adults?

What is the primary target of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

What is the function of oxyphil cells in the parathyroid glands?

What activates adenylyl cyclase and intracellular calcium mobilization in response to parathyroid hormone (PTH) binding?

Which hormone enhances renal reabsorption of calcium?

What is the primary ligand for the Ca2+-Sensing Receptor (CaSR)?

What is the size range of chief cells in the parathyroid glands?

Which hormone controls calcium homeostasis and is very sensitive to small changes in serum calcium concentration?

What is the physiological function of calcium in the body?

What is the primary function of Calcitonin?

What is the main effect of Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 (FGF-23)?

What is the primary target of 1, 25-(OH)2D3 (Vitamin D)?

What is the main effect of PTH on phosphate handling?

What is the mechanism of action of Bisphosphonates?

What is the most common cause of hypercalcemia in primary hyperparathyroidism?

What is the primary effect of estrogen deficiency in osteoporosis?

What is the primary action of PTH Derivatives like teriparatide (Forteo)?

Where is the Ca2+-Sensing Receptor (CaSR) predominantly expressed?

What is the cause of hypercalcitoninemia in Medullary Carcinoma (Thyroid)?

What is the most important etiologic factor in osteoporosis?

What is the primary function of Osteocytes?

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