40 Questions
What is the function of PTH?
Mobilizes calcium from bone, enhances renal reabsorption of calcium, indirectly increases intestinal absorption of calcium
What is the function of calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol/Vitamin D3)?
Regulated at the kidneys by PTH, increases intestinal absorption of calcium
What activates adenylyl cyclase and intracellular calcium mobilization in response to PTH binding?
PTH
Where is the Ca2+-Sensing Receptor (CaSR) expressed?
Kidneys, thyroid C cells, brain
Which hormone is primarily responsible for enhancing Ca2+ uptake from the small intestine?
Calcitriol
What is the major effect of PTH on phosphate handling?
Promote phosphate excretion
Which hormone is released when plasma Ca2+ increases?
Calcitonin
What is the primary target of 1, 25-(OH)2D3 (Vitamin D)?
Intestines and bone
What is the most common cause of hypercalcemia in primary hyperparathyroidism?
Chief cell adenomas
What is the treatment for hypoparathyroidism?
Vitamin D supplements and PTH therapy
What is the most important etiologic factor in osteoporosis?
Gonadal steroid deficiency
What is the mechanism of action of Bisphosphonates?
Stimulate osteoclast apoptosis
What is the primary action of PTH Derivatives like teriparatide (Forteo)?
Stimulate new bone formation
What is the most common cause of osteomalacia in children?
Vitamin D deficiency
What is the primary effect of estrogen deficiency in osteoporosis?
Increased bone turnover and enhanced resorption
What is the cause of hypercalcitoninemia in Medullary Carcinoma (Thyroid)?
High calcitonin
What is the primary function of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
Mobilizes calcium from bone
What is the function of the Ca2+-Sensing Receptor (CaSR)?
Responds to changes in extracellular calcium levels
What is the main site of production regulation for calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol/Vitamin D3)?
Kidneys
Which hormone is considered most important for calcium balance in adults?
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
What is the primary target of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
Bone
What is the function of oxyphil cells in the parathyroid glands?
Produce parathyroid hormone (PTH)
What activates adenylyl cyclase and intracellular calcium mobilization in response to parathyroid hormone (PTH) binding?
Calcium ions
Which hormone enhances renal reabsorption of calcium?
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
What is the primary ligand for the Ca2+-Sensing Receptor (CaSR)?
Calcium (Ca2+)
What is the size range of chief cells in the parathyroid glands?
Small (4-8 µm)
Which hormone controls calcium homeostasis and is very sensitive to small changes in serum calcium concentration?
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
What is the physiological function of calcium in the body?
All of the above
What is the primary function of Calcitonin?
Blocks bone resorption induced by hormones like PTH and Vitamin D
What is the main effect of Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 (FGF-23)?
Regulates serum phosphate homeostasis, vitamin D metabolism, bone mineralization
What is the primary target of 1, 25-(OH)2D3 (Vitamin D)?
Intestines and bone
What is the main effect of PTH on phosphate handling?
Promotes phosphate excretion in the kidneys
What is the mechanism of action of Bisphosphonates?
Suppress bone resorption
What is the most common cause of hypercalcemia in primary hyperparathyroidism?
Chief cell adenomas
What is the primary effect of estrogen deficiency in osteoporosis?
Increased bone turnover and enhanced resorption
What is the primary action of PTH Derivatives like teriparatide (Forteo)?
Stimulate new bone formation
Where is the Ca2+-Sensing Receptor (CaSR) predominantly expressed?
Parathyroid glands
What is the cause of hypercalcitoninemia in Medullary Carcinoma (Thyroid)?
Calcitonin overproduction
What is the most important etiologic factor in osteoporosis?
Gonadal steroid deficiency
What is the primary function of Osteocytes?
Mechanoreception and transduction of loading signals
Test your knowledge of bone and joint disorders with the PCOL 838b Bone and Joint Disorders quiz by Alison K. Veltri, PhD. Explore topics such as parathyroid glands, vitamin D, calcium, and various bone disorders. Sharpen your understanding of conditions like osteoporosis and osteomalacia.
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