Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following bone categories is composed of two layers of compact bone sandwiching a layer of spongy bone between them?
Which of the following bone categories is composed of two layers of compact bone sandwiching a layer of spongy bone between them?
The periosteum is secured to the underlying bone by dense connective tissue fibers called:
The periosteum is secured to the underlying bone by dense connective tissue fibers called:
In adults, the function of the yellow marrow is to:
In adults, the function of the yellow marrow is to:
The presence of an epiphyseal plate indicates that:
The presence of an epiphyseal plate indicates that:
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Osteons are characteristic of:
Osteons are characteristic of:
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The bone cells within lacunae receive nourishment from blood vessels through passageways called:
The bone cells within lacunae receive nourishment from blood vessels through passageways called:
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A shallow, basin-like depression in a bone often serving as an articular surface is a:
A shallow, basin-like depression in a bone often serving as an articular surface is a:
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A round or oval opening through a bone is a:
A round or oval opening through a bone is a:
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Which of these are bone-forming cells?
Which of these are bone-forming cells?
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The canal that runs through the core of each osteon contains:
The canal that runs through the core of each osteon contains:
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The small cavities in bone tissue where osteocytes are found are called:
The small cavities in bone tissue where osteocytes are found are called:
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What kind of tissue is the forerunner of long bones in the embryo?
What kind of tissue is the forerunner of long bones in the embryo?
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Which of the following is an example of a bone that forms from fibrous membranes?
Which of the following is an example of a bone that forms from fibrous membranes?
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The factor(s) that determine where bone matrix is to be remodeled is (are):
The factor(s) that determine where bone matrix is to be remodeled is (are):
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There are four stages in the healing of a bone fracture. Which of the following best illustrates the sequence of these stages?
There are four stages in the healing of a bone fracture. Which of the following best illustrates the sequence of these stages?
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What type of cell does parathyroid hormone (PTH) activate?
What type of cell does parathyroid hormone (PTH) activate?
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A compound fracture can be described as when:
A compound fracture can be described as when:
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A bone fracture where the bone is broken into many fragments is a:
A bone fracture where the bone is broken into many fragments is a:
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A fracture that is common in children, whose bones have relatively more collagen in their matrix and are more flexible than those of adults, is a(n):
A fracture that is common in children, whose bones have relatively more collagen in their matrix and are more flexible than those of adults, is a(n):
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A fracture that is common in osteoporotic bone is a(n):
A fracture that is common in osteoporotic bone is a(n):
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The axial skeleton contains:
The axial skeleton contains:
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The suture found between the parietal and temporal bone is the:
The suture found between the parietal and temporal bone is the:
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All of the following facial bones are paired except one. Which of the following is the unpaired facial bone?
All of the following facial bones are paired except one. Which of the following is the unpaired facial bone?
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The middle conchae are part of the:
The middle conchae are part of the:
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Which of these bones is NOT associated with the foot?
Which of these bones is NOT associated with the foot?
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The hyoid bone is unique because:
The hyoid bone is unique because:
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The sella turcica is part of the ____ bone.
The sella turcica is part of the ____ bone.
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There are _____ vertebrae in the neck region.
There are _____ vertebrae in the neck region.
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Transverse foramina are found in the:
Transverse foramina are found in the:
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Which is the correct order of the ribs, from superior to inferior:
Which is the correct order of the ribs, from superior to inferior:
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The sternum is the result of fusion of three bones called the:
The sternum is the result of fusion of three bones called the:
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The greater trochanter is located on the:
The greater trochanter is located on the:
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The tailbone is the:
The tailbone is the:
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Which of the following is correct of the female pelvis when comparing it with the male pelvis?
Which of the following is correct of the female pelvis when comparing it with the male pelvis?
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Study Notes
Bone Types and Structure
- Flat bones consist of two layers of compact bone with spongy bone in between, serving protective functions.
- Osteons, the basic structural unit of compact bone, contain passageways for blood vessels and nerves.
- The periosteum connects firmly to bone via Sharpey's fibers, facilitating nutrient supply and attachment for muscles and tendons.
Bone Marrow Functions
- Yellow marrow primarily stores adipose tissue, while red marrow is involved in blood cell formation.
- The presence of epiphyseal plates indicates that bones are still growing in length.
Bone Formation and Remodeling
- Osteoblasts are responsible for forming new bone, while osteoclasts break down bone tissue, regulated by parathyroid hormone (PTH).
- The factors influencing bone matrix remodeling include mechanical stresses from gravity and muscle pull.
Fractures
- Bone healing involves stages: hematoma formation, fibrocartilage callus formation, bony callus formation, and remodeling.
- Different fractures include:
- Compound fractures: where bone ends are exposed to the outside.
- Comminuted fractures: characterized by the bone being broken into multiple fragments.
- Greenstick fractures: common in children due to their flexible bones, characterized by partial breaks.
- Compression fractures: frequently occur in osteoporotic bones.
Skeletal System Components
- The axial skeleton includes the skull, vertebrae, ribs, and sternum.
- The hyoid bone is unique as it does not articulate with any other bone, primarily supporting the tongue.
- Suture classifications: the squamous suture is found between the parietal and temporal bones.
Vertebrae and Ribs
- Seven cervical vertebrae are located in the neck region, with transverse foramina present in the first cervical vertebra.
- Ribs are categorized into true ribs, false ribs, and floating ribs, ordered from superior to inferior as true, false, then floating.
Pelvic Differences
- Female pelvis is generally wider, has a greater distance between ischial spines, and exhibits a larger pubic arch angle compared to the male pelvis, accommodating childbirth.
Notable Bone Features
- The greater trochanter is a prominent structure located on the femur, providing muscle attachment points.
- The coccyx, commonly known as the tailbone, is made up of fused vertebrae providing support while sitting.
Specific Bone Examples
- The parietal bone forms from fibrous membranes, contributing to the flat bones of the skull.
- The sella turcica, a depression for the pituitary gland, is located in the sphenoid bone.
- Transverse foramina are distinctive features of cervical vertebrae, allowing passage for vertebral arteries.
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Description
This quiz explores the various types and structures of bones, including their functions and the role of bone marrow in the body. It also covers the processes of bone formation, remodeling, and healing after fractures. Test your knowledge on the intricacies of human skeletal anatomy!
