Questions and Answers
Which of the following is a fat-soluble vitamin?
Vitamin D
What is the main function of Biotin?
Energy metabolism
Which vitamin is known for its role in blood clotting?
Vitamin K
What is the main characteristic of water-soluble vitamins?
Signup and view all the answers
Which vitamin is important for immune function and antioxidant defense?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main role of fat-soluble vitamins?
Signup and view all the answers
Which vitamin is associated with classic signs of ariboflavinosis such as glossitis and cheilosis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a potential concern with excessive folate intake?
Signup and view all the answers
Which population is at increased risk for vitamin B-12 deficiency?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of niacin in high doses?
Signup and view all the answers
Which vitamin is essential for the maintenance of myelin sheaths?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of folate in the body?
Signup and view all the answers
Which vitamin is crucial for the production of blood-clotting factors?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of vitamins are easily absorbed and excreted, and need to be consumed regularly to prevent deficiency?
Signup and view all the answers
Which vitamin is important for bone health, the immune system, and reducing the risk of chronic disease?
Signup and view all the answers
What do antioxidants protect cells by doing?
Signup and view all the answers
What is vitamin bioavailability referring to?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of fat-soluble vitamins in the body?
Signup and view all the answers
What triggers the secretion of parathyroid hormone?
Signup and view all the answers
What are modifiable risk factors for osteoporosis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the typical adult male/female's approximate water percentage?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the key functions of water in human health?
Signup and view all the answers
What regulates water balance in the body?
Signup and view all the answers
What are signs of water toxicity?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the healthy body fat percentages for males and females?
Signup and view all the answers
What does waist circumference assess in terms of obesity?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the four components of energy output?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the minimum energy the body uses for vital activities at complete rest called?
Signup and view all the answers
What contributes to 5-10% of total energy output and refers to the energy required to digest, absorb, and metabolize nutrients?
Signup and view all the answers
What involuntary skeletal muscle activities are included in NEAT (non-exercise activity thermogenesis)?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following vitamins is classified as fat-soluble?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of Vitamin K in the body?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a water-soluble vitamin?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main function of Biotin in the body?
Signup and view all the answers
Which vitamin is important for immune function and antioxidant defense?
Signup and view all the answers
What are some of the reasons why vitamins are important to health?
Signup and view all the answers
Which hormone stimulates the kidneys to conserve water?
Signup and view all the answers
At what age is peak bone mass typically achieved?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the common signs of dehydration?
Signup and view all the answers
What triggers the secretion of calcitonin?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the modifiable risk factors for osteoporosis?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the factors influencing calcium absorption?
Signup and view all the answers
Which vitamin is associated with classic signs of ariboflavinosis such as glossitis and cheilosis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the recommended daily intake of folate for women of childbearing potential?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of vitamin B-12 in the body?
Signup and view all the answers
Which population is at increased risk for vitamin B-12 deficiency?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the key vitamins in energy metabolism?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the classic signs of ariboflavinosis?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following vitamins is found in seeds, functions as an antioxidant, and has rare deficiency and uncommon toxicity from foods?
Signup and view all the answers
Which vitamin is essential for vision, reproduction, cellular growth, and the immune system, and is found in animal and plant sources?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of vitamins are easily absorbed and excreted, need to be consumed regularly to prevent deficiency, and are actively exchanged in tissues?
Signup and view all the answers
Which vitamin is crucial for the production of blood-clotting factors and is found in dark leafy greens, Brussels sprouts, broccoli, and asparagus?
Signup and view all the answers
What are substances with unpaired electrons, and antioxidants protect cells by giving up electrons to them?
Signup and view all the answers
What refers to the amount of vitamin that is actually available for use by the body and is influenced by factors such as GI transit time and food processing techniques?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the range of healthy body fat percentages for men?
Signup and view all the answers
What does waist circumference assess in terms of obesity?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the four components of energy output according to the text?
Signup and view all the answers
What contributes to 5-10% of total energy output and refers to the energy required to digest, absorb, and metabolize nutrients?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the minimum energy the body uses for vital activities at complete rest called?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the factors influencing energy expenditure during physical activity?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the healthy body fat percentage range for men?
Signup and view all the answers
What does waist circumference assess in terms of obesity?
Signup and view all the answers
Which factor increases basal metabolic rate (BMR)?
Signup and view all the answers
What contributes to 5-10% of total energy output and refers to the energy required to digest, absorb, and metabolize nutrients?
Signup and view all the answers
What involuntary skeletal muscle activities are included in NEAT (non-exercise activity thermogenesis)?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the factors influencing body weight according to the text?
Signup and view all the answers
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Study Notes
Understanding Body Weight and Weight Management
- Healthy body fat percentages for males and females vary: 13-21% for men and 23-31% for women.
- Waist circumference can assess android obesity, indicating extra fat in the abdominal area, which increases disease risk.
- Males are more likely to have an "apple" shape (central obesity) while females are more likely to have a "pear" shape (lower body obesity).
- Energy balance dictates that if energy intake equals energy expenditure, a person should maintain their body weight.
- The four components of energy output are basal metabolism, physical activity, thermic effect of food, and non-exercise activity thermogenesis.
- Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the minimum energy the body uses for vital activities at complete rest.
- Factors increasing BMR include growth, very low-calorie diets, exercise, and stimulant drugs, while aging and insufficient thyroid hormone decrease BMR.
- BMR can be calculated using specific formulas based on gender and body weight.
- Factors influencing energy expenditure during physical activity include the type, duration, intensity, and the person's weight.
- The thermic effect of food contributes to 5-10% of total energy output and refers to the energy required to digest, absorb, and metabolize nutrients.
- NEAT (non-exercise activity thermogenesis) includes involuntary skeletal muscle activities like fidgeting, shivering, and body posture.
- Factors influencing body weight include internal factors (genes, hormones), individual factors (food, psychology, exercise, stress), community factors (supports, beliefs), local factors (food economy, health systems), and global factors (chemical waste, global food economy).
Understanding Body Weight and Weight Management
- Healthy body fat percentages for males and females vary: 13-21% for men and 23-31% for women.
- Waist circumference can assess android obesity, indicating extra fat in the abdominal area, which increases disease risk.
- Males are more likely to have an "apple" shape (central obesity) while females are more likely to have a "pear" shape (lower body obesity).
- Energy balance dictates that if energy intake equals energy expenditure, a person should maintain their body weight.
- The four components of energy output are basal metabolism, physical activity, thermic effect of food, and non-exercise activity thermogenesis.
- Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the minimum energy the body uses for vital activities at complete rest.
- Factors increasing BMR include growth, very low-calorie diets, exercise, and stimulant drugs, while aging and insufficient thyroid hormone decrease BMR.
- BMR can be calculated using specific formulas based on gender and body weight.
- Factors influencing energy expenditure during physical activity include the type, duration, intensity, and the person's weight.
- The thermic effect of food contributes to 5-10% of total energy output and refers to the energy required to digest, absorb, and metabolize nutrients.
- NEAT (non-exercise activity thermogenesis) includes involuntary skeletal muscle activities like fidgeting, shivering, and body posture.
- Factors influencing body weight include internal factors (genes, hormones), individual factors (food, psychology, exercise, stress), community factors (supports, beliefs), local factors (food economy, health systems), and global factors (chemical waste, global food economy).
