Body Tissues Quiz

Body Tissues

• Four main types of body tissues: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous.
• Connective tissue is the most abundant.
• Epithelial tissue has a minimal extracellular matrix.
• Connective tissue components: cells, fibers, and ground substance.
• Basement membrane is found beneath epithelial tissue layers.
• Epithelial tissue functions: protection, absorption, secretion, and sensation.
• Stratified squamous epithelium contains keratin for waterproofing and resistance.
• Simple squamous tissue has a single layer of cells.

Connective Tissue

• Tendons and ligaments are composed of dense connective tissue.
• Osteon (Haversian system) is the basic unit of compact bone tissue.
• Lacunae are small cavities housing bone or cartilage cells.
• Cartilage healing is slow due to its avascular nature and low metabolism.
• Matrix is the intercellular material.

Muscle Tissue

• Skeletal muscle is under voluntary control.
• Skeletal muscle fibers have multiple nuclei per fiber.
• Cardiac muscle is found exclusively in the heart.
• Smooth muscle is located in the walls of hollow organs.
• Muscle fibers have a striated appearance and are contractile.

Nervous Tissue

• Nerve tissue characteristics: excitability, conductivity, and signal integration.
• Nerve is a neuron.

Epithelial Tissue

• Goblet cells produce mucus for lubrication and protection (unicellular gland).
• Simple columnar epithelium lines the digestive system.
• Pseudostratified columnar epithelium lines the respiratory system's inner lining.
• Exocrine glands secrete saliva, sweat, and digestive enzymes.
• 90% of cancers originate from epithelial tissue.

Glands

• Endocrine glands release hormones directly into the bloodstream.
• Exocrine glands secrete products into ducts.

Specialised Cells

• Bone cells are also known as osteocytes.
• Least likely to reproduce cell type is skeletal muscle cells.

Other Information

• Skin wrinkling can occur from exposure to UV radiation.
• Cardiac muscle cell replacement is with fibrous scar tissue.
• Vascular tissue includes RBCs, WBCs, platelets, and plasma (blood).