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Questions and Answers
Genetics is the study of ______.
Genetics is the study of ______.
genes
Epigenetics studies changes in gene expression that do not change the ______ sequence.
Epigenetics studies changes in gene expression that do not change the ______ sequence.
DNA
The Hepatitis A virus is also known as ______.
The Hepatitis A virus is also known as ______.
HAV
The viral liver infection caused by HBV is known as ______.
The viral liver infection caused by HBV is known as ______.
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HCV is the abbreviation for ______.
HCV is the abbreviation for ______.
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Informed consent is documented through a ______ form.
Informed consent is documented through a ______ form.
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The ______ is the organization that sets global health standards.
The ______ is the organization that sets global health standards.
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A secure place in healthcare refers to an environment where individuals are kept safe and under ______.
A secure place in healthcare refers to an environment where individuals are kept safe and under ______.
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The Modified Early Warning Score is abbreviated as ______.
The Modified Early Warning Score is abbreviated as ______.
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Genetic factors are referred to as ______ in Polish.
Genetic factors are referred to as ______ in Polish.
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French people have a relatively low incidence of ______.
French people have a relatively low incidence of ______.
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Maintaining good health through regular exercise and proper nutrition contributes to ______ well-being.
Maintaining good health through regular exercise and proper nutrition contributes to ______ well-being.
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Managing emotions and stress is part of ______ well-being.
Managing emotions and stress is part of ______ well-being.
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Having strong, supportive relationships contributes to ______ well-being.
Having strong, supportive relationships contributes to ______ well-being.
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A sense of purpose and personal growth are aspects of ______ well-being.
A sense of purpose and personal growth are aspects of ______ well-being.
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Basic human needs include physiological and safety needs such as food and ______.
Basic human needs include physiological and safety needs such as food and ______.
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Economic needs involve employment, education, and financial ______.
Economic needs involve employment, education, and financial ______.
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Epigenetics studies changes in gene expression that do not involve alterations in the ______ sequence.
Epigenetics studies changes in gene expression that do not involve alterations in the ______ sequence.
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Eugenics is aimed at improving the genetic quality of the human population through selective ______.
Eugenics is aimed at improving the genetic quality of the human population through selective ______.
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Life satisfaction and a sense of community are part of subjective ______.
Life satisfaction and a sense of community are part of subjective ______.
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A detailed note that adds information is referred to as an ______.
A detailed note that adds information is referred to as an ______.
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The process of assessing a patient's health through direct examination is called ______.
The process of assessing a patient's health through direct examination is called ______.
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The ______ is a scale used to predict the likely course and outcome of a disease.
The ______ is a scale used to predict the likely course and outcome of a disease.
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In medical contexts, ______ refers to obtaining permission from a patient before proceeding with treatment.
In medical contexts, ______ refers to obtaining permission from a patient before proceeding with treatment.
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To ensure safety, a focus on ______ involves actions taken to save life and health.
To ensure safety, a focus on ______ involves actions taken to save life and health.
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Specialist ______ are consultations with experts in specific fields of medicine.
Specialist ______ are consultations with experts in specific fields of medicine.
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A ______ is necessary for referring a patient to another medical professional for further evaluation.
A ______ is necessary for referring a patient to another medical professional for further evaluation.
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______ ensures that advice given in a medical setting remains confidential.
______ ensures that advice given in a medical setting remains confidential.
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The role of ______ proteins involves regulating metabolic processes and cellular aging.
The role of ______ proteins involves regulating metabolic processes and cellular aging.
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Research on ______ focuses on their influence in diseases like diabetes and cancer.
Research on ______ focuses on their influence in diseases like diabetes and cancer.
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Groups of organs working together are known as _____ systems.
Groups of organs working together are known as _____ systems.
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_____ cells are individual units that create all parts of our body.
_____ cells are individual units that create all parts of our body.
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The _____ system includes the heart, blood, and blood vessels.
The _____ system includes the heart, blood, and blood vessels.
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The _____ system helps to fight against diseases and plays an important role in immunity.
The _____ system helps to fight against diseases and plays an important role in immunity.
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The main function of the _____ system is to bring food into the body and break it down.
The main function of the _____ system is to bring food into the body and break it down.
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The _____ system produces hormones and regulates bodily functions.
The _____ system produces hormones and regulates bodily functions.
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The _____ system carries electrical messages to and from the brain.
The _____ system carries electrical messages to and from the brain.
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The primary function of the _____ system is to control breathing.
The primary function of the _____ system is to control breathing.
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The _____ system is responsible for producing urine.
The _____ system is responsible for producing urine.
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Resveratrol is an ingredient found in _____, particularly in red wine.
Resveratrol is an ingredient found in _____, particularly in red wine.
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Study Notes
Body Systems
- Cells are the basic units of the body, creating organs like muscle, nerves, and skin.
- Tissues are groups of similar cells working together, such as muscle tissue (tkanka mięśniowa).
- Organs are formed when different tissues work together.
Systems of the Body
-
Circulatory System (układ krwionośny):
- Consists of the heart, blood, blood vessels (veins, arteries, and capillaries).
- Transports blood throughout the body.
-
Lymphatic System (układ limfatyczny):
- Includes lymph vessels, lymph nodes, and lymphocytes.
- Contains a clear fluid (lymph) that fights diseases.
-
Digestive System (układ pokarmowy):
- Breaks down food for the body to absorb nutrients.
- Removes waste products.
-
Endocrine System (układ hormonalny):
- Produces hormones which regulate bodily functions.
-
Musculoskeletal System (układ mięśniowo-szkieletowy):
- Includes the muscular and skeletal systems, working together.
- Supports the body and allows movement.
-
Nervous System (układ nerwowy):
- Carries electrical messages between the brain and spinal cord, and the body.
-
Reproductive System (układ rozrodczy):
- Produces cells (gametes) for reproduction (e.g. ovaries - jajniki).
-
Respiratory System (układ oddechowy):
- Controls respiration (breathing).
-
Urinary System (układ moczowy):
- Produces and removes urine.
-
Skin and Sense Organ System (układ narządów zmysłów):
- Covers and protects the body.
Organs
- Pituitary gland (przysadka mózgowa)
- Prostate gland (prostata)
- Vertebrae (kręgi)
- Ovaries (jajniki)
Jeanne Calment
- French woman who lived to be 122 years and 164 days old.
Resveratrol
- An ingredient found in red wine.
- Produced in grape skins during fermentation.
- A powerful antioxidant that may combat oxidative stress.
- Possibly has an anti-aging effect, and a link to a reduced incidence of heart disease in French populations.
Well - Being
- Physical well-being: Maintaining health through exercise, nutrition, sleep, and medical care.
- Emotional well-being: Managing emotions, stress, and mental health.
- Social well-being: Having strong, supportive relationships.
- Psychological well-being: Sense of purpose, self-esteem, and personal growth.
- Basic human needs (food, water, shelter)
- Economic needs (employment, education, financial security)
- Environmental needs (clean air and water, healthy environment).
- Subjective happiness (life satisfaction, freedom, sense of community)
Eugenics
- The study of improving the genetic quality of a human population.
- Often associated with forced sterilizations and discriminatory policies.
Genetics vs. Epigenetics
- Genetics studies how traits are passed through DNA.
- Epigenetics studies how environmental factors affect gene expression without changing the DNA sequence.
Medical Terms
- AIDS - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
- BDNF - Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor
- HIV - Human Immunodeficiency Virus
- STD/STI - Sexually Transmitted Disease / Sexually Transmitted Infection
- CBC/TBC - Complete Blood Count / Total Blood Count
- EBM - Evidence-Based Medicine
- WHO - World Health Organization
- MEWS - Modified Early Warning Score
- ZSWOK- Zespół Wczesnej Oceny Klinicznej (Early Warning Clinical Assessment Team)
- HAV - Hepatitis A virus
- HBV - Hepatitis B virus
- HCV - Hepatitis C virus
Additional Notes
- Informed consent: A document a patient signs to allow healthcare.
- Physical examination: The process by which a doctor checks a patient's health.
- Practices, Diagnosis, Prognosis: Procedures, Analysis and prediction of illness course.
Sirtuins
- Proteins that regulate metabolic processes, cellular ageing & responses to oxidative stress.
- Involved in energy metabolism, DNA repair, and gene activity.
- Research focuses on their role in diseases like cancer and neurodegenerative conditions.
- Potential impact on longevity and health, particularly those with activators like resveratrol.
Longevity (długowieczność)
- Sirtuins play a key role in slowing down cellular aging, protecting against oxidative stress, and regulating metabolism.
- Their activity helps maintain cellular health, which may contribute to longevity.
- Impact on human longevity is still under research.
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Description
Explore the essential systems of the human body, including the circulatory, lymphatic, digestive, endocrine, and musculoskeletal systems. This quiz will test your knowledge on how these systems work together to maintain health and functionality. Ideal for students learning about human anatomy.
