Body Regulation and Nervous System Overview

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Questions and Answers

The ______ are the "arms" of the neuron, which are branch extensions that come out of different parts of the neuron.

dendrites

The ______ is the center of the neuron.

cell body

An elongated fiber that extends from the cell body to the terminal endings and transmits the neural signal is called the ______.

axon

Neuron-to-neuron connections are made onto the ______ and cell bodies of other neurons.

dendrites Signup and view all the answers

Synapses process ______ that are chemical messengers that neurons release to affect other cells across a synapse.

neurotransmitters Signup and view all the answers

The cells that receive the signal from neurotransmitters are called ______ cells.

target Signup and view all the answers

The ______ Nervous System (CNS) is made up of the brain and spinal cord.

Central Signup and view all the answers

The ______ controls most of the functions of the body, including awareness, movement, thinking, speech, and the 5 senses.

brain Signup and view all the answers

The ______ cord is a tube-like structure that carries messages between the brain and the rest of the body.

spinal Signup and view all the answers

The spinal cord is covered by three thin layers of protective tissue called ______.

membranes Signup and view all the answers

The brain structure is composed of three main parts: the ______, midbrain and hindbrain, each with multiple parts.

forebrain Signup and view all the answers

The ______ nervous system (PNS) is a network of nerves that runs throughout the head, neck, and body.

peripheral Signup and view all the answers

The PNS carries messages to and from the ______ nervous system (the brain and spinal cord).

central Signup and view all the answers

The muscles, glands, and organs that the PNS transmits signals to from the CNS are known as ______.

effectors Signup and view all the answers

The SNS takes the lead when the body needs to get through a period of ______, and then the PNS returns things to normal.

danger Signup and view all the answers

The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) prepares the body for physical and mental activity, such as in times of ______ or stress.

danger Signup and view all the answers

The ______ gland produces a fluid that protects sperm and aids its mobility.

prostate Signup and view all the answers

The ______ is the inner lining of the uterus.

endometrium Signup and view all the answers

The ______ serves as a passageway for sperm, menstrual flow, and childbirth.

vagina Signup and view all the answers

The ______ delivers sperm into the female reproductive tract.

penis Signup and view all the answers

The ______ is the lower, narrow part of the uterus that opens into the vagina.

cervix Signup and view all the answers

______ is responsible for deepening the voice, growing facial hair, and increasing muscle mass in males.

Testosterone Signup and view all the answers

The ______ phase of the menstrual cycle involves egg growth and estrogen production.

follicular Signup and view all the answers

During the ______ phase, the uterus lining thickens and prepares for pregnancy.

luteal Signup and view all the answers

A ______ is a method used to prevent pregnancy.

contraceptive Signup and view all the answers

One of the early theories of evolution was developed by ______.

Lamarck Signup and view all the answers

A key idea of Lamarck's theory is called ______, which proposes that an organism's body parts develop or shrink based on how much they are used.

use and disuse Signup and view all the answers

Another key idea of Lamarck's theory is ______.

inheritance of acquired characteristics Signup and view all the answers

One sign of an STD might be unusual ______ from the penis or vagina.

discharge Signup and view all the answers

A ______ can help reduce the risk of contracting an STD.

condom Signup and view all the answers

The process by which species change over time is called ______.

evolution Signup and view all the answers

The variety of life on Earth is called ______.

biodiversity Signup and view all the answers

Parapatric speciation occurs when groups within a species become ______ isolated, preventing gene flow between them.

reproductively Signup and view all the answers

Microevolution refers to small changes in the ______ of genes in a population over time.

frequency Signup and view all the answers

Adaptive radiation is the process by which a single ______ species rapidly evolves into multiple distinct species.

ancestral Signup and view all the answers

Organisms that obtain energy from the foods they consume are called ______.

heterotrophs Signup and view all the answers

A ______ is a position in the food chain where organisms are grouped based on their feeding relationships.

trophic level Signup and view all the answers

A community of living organisms and their physical environment that interact with each other is called an ______.

ecosystem Signup and view all the answers

A close and long-term interaction between two different species living together, where at least one of them benefits, is called ______.

symbiosis Signup and view all the answers

Organisms that use light energy from the sun to produce food are called ______.

autotrophs Signup and view all the answers

Darwin's role involved collecting and documenting plant and animal ______.

specimens Signup and view all the answers

Natural selection is a process where species best adapted to their environment survive and ______.

reproduce Signup and view all the answers

Fossils usually provide evidence of evolution found in ______ layers.

sedimentary Signup and view all the answers

Darwin's finches are an example of ______ radiation.

adaptive Signup and view all the answers

In artificial selection, humans intentionally breed plants or animals to produce specific ______.

traits Signup and view all the answers

Allopatric speciation occurs when a population is ______ separated.

geographically Signup and view all the answers

The nitrogen base sequences in the genetic code are largely the same in almost every ______.

organism Signup and view all the answers

Comparative morphology shows that many animals have similar ______ but different functions.

structures Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Dendrites

Branch extensions of a neuron that receive signals from other neurons.

Cell Body

The central part of a neuron that contains the nucleus.