Nervous System Overview and Neurons

Synapse = Junction between two neurons Afferent = Carrying impulses toward the CNS Myelin = Fatty substance that insulates axons Reflex = Involuntary response to a stimulus Efferent = Carrying impulses away from the CNS

Somatic nervous system = Controls voluntary movements Autonomic nervous system = Regulates involuntary activities Sensory neurons = Transmit signals from receptors to the CNS Motor neurons = Transmit signals from the CNS to effectors

Cerebrum = Responsible for higher functions such as thought and action Brainstem = Controls basic life functions like breathing and heart rate Diencephalon = Processes sensory information and regulates homeostasis Cerebellum = Coordinates movement and balance

<p>Epilepsy = Characterized by recurrent seizures Stroke = Sudden weakness and difficulty speaking Alzheimer's disease = Progressive memory loss and confusion Parkinson's disease = Tremors and difficulty with movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peripheral nervous system = Connects the CNS to the limbs and organs Autonomic nervous system = Regulates involuntary bodily functions Central nervous system = Includes the brain and spinal cord Somatic nervous system = Controls voluntary muscle movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sensory neurons = Send signals to the CNS Motor neurons = Send signals away from the CNS Interneurons = Connect sensory and motor neurons Myelinated neurons = Conduct signals faster due to myelin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dendrites = Bring signals to the cell body Axon = Sends signals away from the cell body Myelin = Insulates axons for faster signal transmission Synapse = Connection point between two neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Central nervous system = Includes the brain and spinal cord Peripheral nervous system = Includes all nerves outside the CNS Somatic nervous system = Controls voluntary movements Autonomic nervous system = Regulates involuntary activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phobia = An extreme, persistent fear Cystic fibrosis = A genetic disorder affecting lungs Spina bifida = A birth defect related to spinal cord Epilepsy = A disorder characterized by seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Autonomic nervous system = Controls involuntary bodily functions Somatic nervous system = Facilitates voluntary muscle movements Neuron = Basic cell of the nervous system Ganglion = Collection of neuron cell bodies along a nerve pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Myelinated axons = Make up white matter Unmyelinated axons = Form gray matter Nerves = Bundles of neuron fibers in the PNS Neurotransmitters = Chemicals that pass signals at the synapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Palliative = Treatment aimed at relieving symptoms Prognosis = Prediction of disease outcome Analgesic = Pain relief medication Thyrotoxicosis = Condition caused by excessive thyroid hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Afferent = Carrying toward a given point Efferent = Carrying away from a given point Synapse = Junction between two neurons Autonomic Nervous System = Regulates involuntary activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cerebrum = Memory and reasoning Cerebellum = Coordination and balance Brainstem = Vital functions Diencephalon = Sensory relay and hormone control</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ganglioma = Tumor of a ganglion Meningocele = Hernia of the meninges Hematomyelia = Hemorrhage into the spinal cord Anencephaly = Absence of a brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dementia = Irreversible loss of intellectual function Epilepsy = Periodic bursts of brain activity causing seizures Concussion = Injury from a violent blow leading to unconsciousness Parkinsonism = Characterized by slow movements and tremors</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cerebrospinal fluid = Circulates in and around the brain for protection Neurotransmitter = Transmits signals across a synapse Amyloid = Starch-like substance linked to Alzheimer's Cholesterol = A substance involved in nerve cell membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Schizophrenia = Severe mental disorders with psychotic features Agoraphobia = Fear of being in public places Depression = Profound feelings of sadness and hopelessness Anxiety = Feeling of fear or uneasiness</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electroencephalography (EEG) = Recording of the brain's electric activity Cerebral angiography = Study of brain blood vessels with contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) = Detailed images of the brain's structure Computed Tomography (CT) = Cross-sectional imaging of the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>neur/o, neur/i = Nervous system or tissue gli/o = Pertaining to neuroglia narc/o = Stupor or unconsciousness -phobia = Persistent irrational fear</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sensory nerves = Carry signals towards the CNS Motor nerves = Carry signals away from the CNS Mixed nerves = Carry both sensory and motor signals Somatic nerves = Control voluntary muscle movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reflex = Automatic response to a stimulus Neuron = Basic unit of the nervous system Neuroglia = Supportive cells in the nervous system Cortex = Outer layer of the brain responsible for higher functions</p> Signup and view all the answers