Anatomy Quiz: Body Planes and Terms
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Questions and Answers

What defines the median plane in anatomical terms?

  • Divides the body into anterior and posterior halves
  • Divides the body into proximal and distal regions
  • Divides the body into upper and lower halves
  • Divides the body into right and left halves (correct)

Which anatomical term refers to a structure closer to the midline of the body?

  • Caudal
  • Lateral
  • Medial (correct)
  • Rostral

Which plane is described as running perpendicular to the length of the body?

  • Dorsal Plane
  • Sagittal Plane
  • Transverse Plane (correct)
  • Median Plane

Which of these bony structures is not a palpable bone structure in the neck and back?

<p>Ribs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which component of the vertebral column would you find the anticlinal vertebra?

<p>Thoracic vertebrae (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is palpably located in the thorax?

<p>Sternum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a palpable bony structure of the forelimb?

<p>Coxal tuber (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the position of the left kidney in a dog?

<p>Between the 13th rib and 3rd lumbar vertebra (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is located behind the stomach in a dog's left lateral view?

<p>Spleen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a palpable structure of the gluteal region?

<p>Ischial tuber (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these structures is not part of the hind limb?

<p>Radial head (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which arteries are prominent within the thorax?

<p>Pulmonary artery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the proximal bones of the hind limb that can be palpated?

<p>Greater trochanter of the femur (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the right kidney located in the horse's body?

<p>Just caudal to the liver occupying the last three intercostal spaces (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long is the duodenum in the horse?

<p>Approximately 1 meter (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the caecum's primary location in the horse's body?

<p>Filling the entire right flank region (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure is absent in horses related to the liver?

<p>Gall bladder (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The apex of the caecum lies between which two sections of the colon?

<p>Right and left ventral colon (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the right ventral colon begin?

<p>At the caecocolic orifice from the costochondral junction of the 18th rib (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What part of the horse's anatomy closely adheres to the dorsal diaphragm wall and rumen through connective tissue?

<p>Spleen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which section of the colon begins over the sternum?

<p>Right ventral colon (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the left kidney located in a dog?

<p>Between the 17th rib and 2nd transverse process of lumbar vertebrae (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the jejunum in dogs?

<p>Absorption of nutrients (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what vertebral level does the descending colon begin in a dog?

<p>12th thoracic vertebra (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is in contact with the descending duodenum?

<p>Pancreas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the bladder located within a dog's body?

<p>In the abdominal cavity with only the neck in the pelvic cavity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is correct regarding the cecum in dogs?

<p>Situated right of the vertebral column, between the 2nd and 4th lumbar vertebrae (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate length of the small intestine in dogs?

<p>4 meters (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary nerve responsible for innervating the shoulder joint?

<p>Axillary nerve (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organs is located between the 14th and 15th intercostal space in horses?

<p>Stomach (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vein is located in the forelimb and is commonly used for venipuncture?

<p>Cephalic vein (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which lymph node is primarily associated with the forelimb?

<p>Axillary lymph node (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What joint is innervated by the radial nerve?

<p>Elbow joint (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is involved in the innervation of the hock joint?

<p>Tibial nerve (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where can the rumen be palpated in a rum horse?

<p>Left flank of the abdomen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What joint is affected by paralysis of the suprascapular nerve?

<p>Shoulder joint (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vein serves as a major drainage vessel in the abdomen?

<p>Portal vein (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical location is the right kidney found in relation to the lumbar vertebrae?

<p>Extending from the liver to the 3rd lumbar vertebra (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is located directly caudal to the diaphragm on the right side?

<p>Liver (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the caecum located in relation to the last rib?

<p>From the costochondral junction of the last rib to the pelvic inlet (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The abomasum is primarily located within which region of the ox's body?

<p>Ventral abdominal wall in the umbilical region (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the left kidney's location is accurate?

<p>It rests centrally in the median plane (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary position of the descending duodenum?

<p>Above the caecum from the middle of the last rib to the pelvic inlet (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The omasum can be found in which anatomical space?

<p>Resting on the ventral abdominal wall between the 6th and 11th intercostal spaces (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ sits upon the abdominal wall within the 10th intercostal space?

<p>Gallbladder (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Median Plane

A plane dividing the body into equal right and left halves.

Sagittal Plane

Any plane parallel to the median plane, dividing the body into unequal right and left portions.

Transverse Plane

A plane dividing the body into dorsal and ventral sections (back and belly).

Medial

Bones or structures located closer to the midline of the body.

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Lateral

Bones or structures located further away from the midline of the body.

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Sternum

The bony structure that connects the ribs in the chest, located along the middle of the chest, made of cartilage. It is a central point for anchoring the ribs.

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Scapular Spine

The bony structure in the shoulder blade, located on the back, serves as an attachment point for muscles.

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Greater Tubercle of the Humerus

The bony structure that forms the peak of the shoulder, located towards the top of the upper arm bone, serves as an attachment point for the rotator cuff muscles.

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Olecranon Tuber

The bony structure located on the lower leg, behind the knee joint, acts as a lever for extending the leg.

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Greater Trochanter of the Femur

The bony structure located at the joint between the thigh bone (femur) and the pelvic bone, serves as an attachment point for key hip muscles.

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Tibial Tuberosity

The bony structure located on the lower leg, below the knee joint, acts as a lever for extending the leg.

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Calcaneal Tuber

The bony structure located on the top of the foot, the heel bone, acts as the base for walking and jumping.

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Sacral Tuber

The bony structure located on the tailbone, serves as an attachment point for muscles and provides support to the tail.

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Where is the Jejunum in a dog?

The jejunum in dogs is located between the stomach and the pelvic inlet, resting on the greater omentum.

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Where is the descending colon in a dog?

The descending colon in dogs extends from the 12th thoracic vertebra, goes downwards along the back, and connects to the duodenum with a special connection called the duodenocolic fold.

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Where is the right kidney in a dog?

The right kidney in dogs is located in the 11th and 12th intercostal space, with its top (cranial pole) resting in a spot on the liver.

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Where is the liver in a dog?

The liver in dogs extends to the umbilical region on the belly, resting on leftover fat deposits from the umbilical cord.

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Where is the descending duodenum in a dog?

The descending duodenum in dogs starts in the 9th intercostal space and runs down to the 6th lumbar vertebra, touching the pancreas.

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Where is the cecum in a dog?

The cecum in dogs is located on the right side, between the 2nd and 4th lumbar vertebrae, next to the spine.

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Where is the left kidney in a horse?

The left kidney in horses is found between the 17th rib and the 2nd to 3rd lumbar vertebrae, with the spleen on the lateral side.

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Where is the stomach in a horse?

The horse stomach is relatively small, located within the rib cage, at the 14th to 15th intercostal space.

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Where is the jejunum in a horse?

The jejunum is a part of the small intestine that, along with the descending colon, fills the left quadrant of the abdominal cavity in horses.

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Where does the left ventral colon start and end?

The left ventral colon starts at the sternal flexure near the xiphoid cartilage and extends to the pelvic flexure.

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Where is the right kidney in a horse?

The right kidney is found in the last three intercostal spaces, situated just caudal to the liver.

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Where is the liver located in a horse?

The liver is entirely within the intrathoracic part of the abdominal cavity. Its caudal margin reaches the 15th intercostal space.

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Describe the duodenum's path in a horse.

The duodenum, approximately 1 meter long, descends along the right liver lobe and turns left at the 3rd to 4th lumbar vertebrae.

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Where is the cecum located in a horse?

The cecum occupies the entire right flank region, extending from the last intercostal space to the coxal tuberosity. Its apex lies between the right and left ventral colon.

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What is the path of the right ventral colon?

The right ventral colon runs from the 18th rib (caecocolic orifice) to the 9th costal cartilage, where the sternal flexure begins.

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Where does the right dorsal colon start and end?

The right dorsal colon starts at the 16th intercostal space, extending cranially to the 6th costal cartilage where the transverse colon begins.

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External jugular vein location

Located superficially in the neck, running parallel to the internal jugular vein, visible when an animal extends its head.

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Internal jugular vein location

Located deep in the neck, running along the carotid artery, not visible externally.

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Saphenous vein location

Located on the medial side of the hind limb, extending from the groin to the tarsus.

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Cephalic vein location

Located on the lateral side of the forelimb, running over the shoulder and along the forelimb.

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Facial vein location

Located on the face, draining into the jugular vein, visible superficially.

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Cranial vena cava location

Located in the chest, returning deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart.

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Caudal vena cava location

Located in the abdomen, returning deoxygenated blood from the hind limbs to the heart.

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Portal vein location

Located in the abdomen, transporting blood from the digestive tract to the liver.

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Right Kidney Location

The right kidney is located on the right side of the body, extending from the liver to the 3rd lumbar vertebra.

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Left Kidney Location

The left kidney lies centrally in the median plane, suspended by the renal mesentery. Its cranial pole rests minimally beneath the right kidney and is located between the 2nd and 5th lumbar vertebrae.

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Liver Location

The liver is located directly caudal to the diaphragm on the right side within the intrathoracic abdominal cavity and reaches dorsally as far as the last rib.

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Gallbladder Location

The gallbladder extends over the sharp-edged ventral border of the liver to rest upon the abdominal wall within the 10th intercostal space.

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Omasum Location

The omasum is situated in the ventral, intrathoracic abdominal cavity and comes to rest on the ventral abdominal wall between the 6th and 11th intercostal spaces.

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Abomasum Location

The abomasum sits on the ventral abdominal wall in the umbilical region and fills the space between the xiphoid cartilage and the last rib.

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Colon Disc Location

The colon disc lies ventral to the caecum and caudoventral to the costal arch.

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Caecum Location

The caecum reaches from the costochondral junction of the last rib to the pelvic inlet. The blind-ending apex points caudally and can reach into the pelvic cavity when it is maximally filled.

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Study Notes

Anatomical Direction Terms

  • Directional terms include: Dorsal/Ventral, Medial/Lateral, Cranial/Caudal, Rostral/Caudal, Proximal/Distal
  • These terms describe the position of structures in relation to each other.

Anatomical Planes

  • Anatomical planes describe specific flat surfaces to divide the body.
  • Planes include: Dorsal plane, Transverse plane, Sagittal plane, and Median plane.
  • The median plane divides the body into right and left halves.
  • A sagittal plane is parallel to the median plane.
  • A transverse plane passes perpendicular to the body's long axis.
  • A dorsal plane (frontal plane) is a longitudinal plane that passes through the body.

Regional Anatomy (of a cow)

  • Body regions are labeled including: Face, Nasal plane of muzzle, Jaw (jowl); Jugular groove, Dewlap; forelimb (arm, forearm, knee, foreshank, digit), Barrel, Milk well, Subcutaneous abdominal vein (milk vein), Paralumbar fossa, Perineal region, Fold of flank, Forequarters, Udder, Teats, Hindquarters, Hindshank, Shanks
  • these are superficial landmarks

Horse Skeleton (labelled diagram)

  • The diagram depicts the skeleton of a horse, labelled with many specific bone names

Ox Skeleton (labelled diagram)

  • The diagram illustrates an ox's skeleton, providing labels for various bones.

Exercise: Specific anatomical questions (page 7):

  • The exercise includes a list of questions about the numbers of vertebrae, ribs, and names of specific body parts, in addition to their formulas (for example, teeth formula).

Palpable Bony Structures (clinical note) (page 8):

This is a clinical note about palpable bony structures and their use for anatomical study and clinical practice. The note is not about specific bones by name.

Palpable Bony Structures (of the neck and back, thorax, forelimbs, gluteal region and hip joint, hind limbs) (page 9-10):

  • The text lists various bones that can be palpated for diagnosis and anatomical study
  • The various regions of the animal's body are individually covered for anatomical study

Location of organs in a dog (lateral view) (page 16, 17, and 18)

  • The left-side view of a dog's internal organs displays various organs, from front to back, including lungs, heart, aorta, pulmonary artery, diaphragm, liver, stomach, spleen, kidney, intestines, bladder, and rectum.
  • The specific location of each organ is given, such as the position of the left kidney (high dorsal between the 13th rib and the 3rd lumbar vertebrae) and the location of the stomach which extends to ribs 9-12

Location of organs in a horse (lateral and dorsal views) (pages 19, 20, 21, and 22)

  • The provided texts describe the position of various organs in horses, specifically their placement relative to ribs, lumbar vertebrae, and the pelvic inlet.
  • Key locations, such as the spleen's relation to ribs 10-18, the stomach's location in the intercostal spaces, and the caecum's position between lumbar vertebrae 2 and 4, are included

Location of organs in an ox (lateral view) (pages 24 and 27):

  • The left side of the ox's abdominal cavity mostly contains rumen; the reticulum lies on the sternum in the diaphragm's dome from 5th to 6th intercostal space.
  • The spleen reaches from the dorsal end of the last rib to the costochondral junctions of 7 or 8 ribs.

Ventral and Dorsal views of the abdominal organs in horse and ox (pages 28-31, & 30 & 31)

  • The diagrams indicate the position of different organs in a horse and ox. Specific organs, including various locations of the colon, stomach, kidney, liver, gallbladder, omasum, spleen, rectum, urinary bladder and uterus are labeled in these diagrams

Exercise (various anatomical questions) (pages 32-44)

  • The exercises present a range of queries about specific structures/organ systems of the body
  • The exercises require detailed answers about specific organs, bones, nerve locations and functions, palpation points and structures that might appear during external or internal examination

Injections (various anatomical sites) (pages 56-58).

  • Various locations for injections and their specific names such as intravenous, subcutaneous and intramuscular in dogs and Ox are described.

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Test your knowledge on anatomical terminology and body planes with this quiz. Explore terms relating to the midline, various anatomical planes, and structures in the vertebral column. Perfect for students in anatomy and physiology courses.

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