Body Membranes Quiz
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Questions and Answers

True or false: Serous membranes consist of two layers, the parietal layer and the visceral layer?

True

True or false: Mucous membranes are found lining cavities that do not open up directly to the outside?

False

True or false: The integumentary system includes sweat glands, oil glands, hair, finger nails, and toe nails?

True

Melanin is responsible for red hair.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The arrector pili muscle causes the hair strand to stand up and the surface of the skin above it to bulge upward.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sensory receptors in the skin respond to changes in the surrounding environment.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The subcutaneous layer is also known as the hypodermis.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The stratum corneum is the deepest layer of the epidermis?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Melanocytes are responsible for producing melanin, which contributes to skin color?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Sebaceous glands are found on the palms of hands and soles of feet?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Serous membranes are found lining body cavities that do not open up directly to the outside?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Each type of serous membrane consists of two layers which are continuous with each other?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The parietal layer of a serous membrane lines the wall of the cavity?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The visceral layer of a serous membrane covers the organs/structures inside the cavity?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Mucous membranes are found lining cavities that directly open up to the outside of the body?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Synovial membranes form the outer lining of joint cavities?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Synovial membranes are composed of connective tissue only?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Cutaneous membranes are an organ of the integumentary system?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The integumentary system includes sweat glands, oil glands, hair, finger nails, and toe nails?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The skin has a surface area of 1.2 to 2.2 square meters?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Acne is caused by bacteria thriving on sebaceous gland secretions?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Athletes Foot is a fungal infection often found on the soles and between the toes?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Decubitus ulcers are caused by prolonged pressure against an underlying bony projection?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Impetigo is a highly contagious bacterial skin infection commonly found in children?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Moles are pigmented tumors found in the skin and can vary in color?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Warts are caused by a viral invasion of the skin and can regress spontaneously?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Burns can be caused by thermal, electrical, radioactive, or chemical agents?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: First-degree burns only affect the epidermis and can cause mild pain and erythema?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Third-degree burns result in the destruction of the entire thickness of the skin and can appear leathery?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Skin cancers are discussed on page 165 of the textbook?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The epidermis is composed primarily of a stratified squamous epithelium?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The stratum basale is the deepest layer of the epidermis?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The stratum corneum is the outermost layer of the skin?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The dermis is a connective tissue layer found below the epidermis?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Sweat glands are tiny tube-like exocrine glands that produce and release sweat?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Eccrine sweat glands are activated in times of elevated body temperature?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Sebaceous glands release a fatty oil-like substance called Sebum?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Hair follicles are present on all skin surfaces except palms, lips, nipples, and parts of external reproductive organs?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The stratum corneum makes up to 75% of the thickness of the skin?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Melanocytes produce melanin, which is responsible in part for skin color?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Body Membranes

  • Thin sheet-like structures consisting of an epithelia overlying a connective tissue (exception)
  • Types:
    • Serous membranes: found lining body cavities that do not open up directly to the outside
      • Consist of two layers: parietal and visceral layers
      • Produce lubricating watery fluid between the two layers
      • Examples: peritoneum, pleura, pericardium
    • Mucous membranes: found lining cavities that directly open up to the outside of the body
      • "Moist" membranes bathed by fluid
      • Some contain goblet cells (mucus secreting cells)
      • Examples: digestive, respiratory, and urogenital tracts
    • Synovial membranes: form the inner lining of joint cavities (connective tissue only)
    • Cutaneous membranes: an organ of the integumentary system - skin

Integumentary System

  • Composed of skin and other various accessory organs
  • Accessory organs include:
    • Sweat glands
    • Oil glands
    • Hair
    • Finger nails
    • Toe nails
  • Characteristics of skin:
    • Surface area: 1.2 to 2.2 square meters (varies)
    • Makes up about 7% of overall body weight
    • Thickness: 1.5 - 4.0 mm
  • Primary skin functions:
    • Protection against invading pathogens
    • Water loss
    • Ultraviolet radiation
    • Helps to regulate body temperature
    • Houses receptors for general cutaneous sensations
    • Excretes some wastes

Skin Layers

  • Epidermis: outermost layer
    • Composed primarily of a stratified squamous epithelium
    • Avascular and limited sensory innervation
    • Divided into 4 (thin skin) or 5 (thick skin) layers depending on location
    • Sublayers:
      • Stratum basale: deepest single cell layer
        • In contact with basement membrane
        • Cuboidal in shape
        • Also called the germinating layer
        • Keratinocytes give rise to all other layers
        • Produce fibrous protein keratin and glycolipids
      • Stratum corneum: outermost layer
        • Approximately 20-30 layers of dead anucleated keratinized cells
        • Makes up to 75% of the thickness of skin
        • Sheds off regularly
  • Dermis: connective tissue layer
    • Found below the epidermis
    • Semi-fluid matrix with embedded protein fibers
    • Contains many of the connective tissue proper cells
    • Sublayers:
      • Papillary dermis: outermost superficial layer
        • Consists of areolar CT and small blood vessels
        • Outer surface forms projections called dermal papillae
      • Reticular dermis: accounts for 80% of the dermis thickness
        • Contains collagen fibers in bundles and networks
        • Blood vessel networks found at bottom border
  • Sweat glands:
    • Tiny tube-like exocrine glands
    • Lined with epithelial cells that produce and release sweat
    • Found everywhere but nipples and external genitalia
    • Approximately 3 million sweat glands per person
    • Types:
      • Eccrine sweat glands: most numerous
        • Activated in times of elevated body temperature
        • Most open up directly onto skin surface
      • Apocrine sweat glands:
        • Approx. 2000 become active at puberty
        • Produce sweat when a person is emotionally upset
  • Sebaceous glands: "Oil glands"
    • Groups of specialized epithelial cells associated with hair follicles
    • Release a fatty oil-like substance called sebum
    • Found throughout the body except on palms and soles
    • Overactive and inflamed sebaceous glands cause acne
  • Hair follicles:
    • Present on all skin surfaces except palms, lips, nipples, and parts of external reproductive organs
    • Tube-like depressions of the epidermis and into dermis
    • Contain the hair root which grows from dividing cells
    • Hair color is genetically determined by the amount of melanin produced
  • Arrector pili muscle:
    • Bundles of smooth muscle fibers
    • Attached to the follicle on one end and the dense irregular CT framework of the papillary layer on the other
    • When contracted, causes the hair strand to stand up and the surface of the skin above it to bulge upward (goosebumps)
  • Sensory receptors:
    • Respond to changes in the surrounding environment
    • Most are limited to the dermis layer
    • Types:
      • Touch: Merkel's disk, Meissner's corpuscles
      • Pressure: Pacinian corpuscle
      • Heat: Ruffini's endings, pain nerve ending (extreme)
      • Cold: Krause end bulbs, pain nerve endings (extreme)
      • Pain: free nerve endings

Subcutaneous Layer

  • Consists of a loose fibrous connective tissue and adipose
  • Collagen and elastic fibers are continuous with dermis
  • Adipose thickness varies from one body region to another
  • Eyelids lack adipose
  • Contain major blood vessels supplying skin

Common Skin Disorders

  • Acne: inflammatory disease of sebaceous glands
    • Bacteria thrive on sebaceous gland secretions
    • Most prevalent at puberty
  • Athlete's foot: fungus infection
    • Often present on the soles and between the toes of the feet
  • Decubitus ulcers: tissue damage and ulcerations
    • Result of deficiency of blood due to prolonged pressure
    • Most frequently seen in bedridden patients
  • Impetigo: highly contagious bacterial skin infection
    • Most commonly found in children
    • Characterized by pus-filled sacs that rupture and become crusted over
  • Moles: pigmented tumors found in skin
    • Vary in color from yellow to brown to black
    • Average about 20 per person
    • Grow slowly, remain stable, and then slowly diminish in size
  • Warts: result of a viral invasion of the skin
    • Cause epithelial cells to proliferate
    • Most regress spontaneously
    • Genital warts can be spread through sexual contact
  • Burns: tissue damage due to thermal, electrical, radioactive, or chemical agents
    • Types:
      • Partial thickness burns: first and second degree burns
        • Heal in two to three days with little scarring
      • Full thickness burns: third degree burns
        • Entire thickness of skin is destroyed
        • Surface is leathery and may be tan, brown, or black
        • No pain in immediate area
        • Regeneration of tissue is slow with much scarring
    • Major concerns in cases of severe burns:
      • Body fluid loss
      • Heat loss
      • Bacterial infection

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Chapter 5 Integumentry System.docx

Description

Test your knowledge on body membranes and their structure with this quiz. Learn about the different types of serous membranes and their layers. Explore how these thin sheet-like structures function in various body cavities.

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