Body Fluids MCQ Questions
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Questions and Answers

What effect does the rapid spread of excitation in the ventricles have on contractions?

  • Decreases force of contraction
  • Halts contractions completely
  • Causes irregular contractions
  • Enhances force of contraction (correct)

    • Why does pressure in the aorta fall as blood continues to flow to the tissues?

  • Increased venous return (correct)
  • Retrograde flow through the aortic valve
  • Ventricular hypertrophy
  • Decreased cardiac output

    • What occurs as a result of increased sympathetic drive to the ventricles and increased venous return?

  • Increased cardiac output (correct)
  • Reduced ventricular filling
  • Decreased heart rate
  • Hypotension

    • How do high potassium levels affect cardiac contractility?

    <p>Decrease contractility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sequence of events between electrical and mechanical activity in the heart?

    <p>Electrical event precedes mechanical event</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of plasma bilirubin in the body?

    <p>It is converted to biliverdin in the liver.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about intracellular fluid?

    <p>Its intracellular pH is lower due to cellular metabolism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about red blood cell membrane components?

    <p>A, B, and D antigens are more immunogenic than the others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal lifespan of an erythrocyte?

    <p>16-18 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about body fluids is true?

    <p>ADH in the extracts inhibits water excretion by the kidneys.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a factor that influences body fluid distribution?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to Ca2⫹ levels in chronic renal failure due to PO4 retention?

    <p>They fall to maintain a constant [Ca2⫹] [PO4⫺] product</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does isotonic saline affect extracellular and intracellular fluid volumes?

    <p>It increases ECF more than ICF volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of 10 per cent dextrose on energy provision for a sedentary adult for one day?

    <p>It provides insufficient energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a suspension of lipids compare to a suspension of carbohydrates in terms of energy provision?

    <p>Lipids provide 2-3 times more energy than carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of isotonic (5 per cent) dextrose on total body water in the average adult?

    <p>It raises total body water by 1-5 per cent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), what happens to neutrophils compared to lymphocytes?

    <p>Neutrophils are more affected than lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of non-respiratory acidosis in the first patient?

    <p>Severe renal failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of hyperventilation in the first patient?

    <p>Lowering the carbon dioxide level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes hyperventilation at high altitudes?

    <p>Hypoxic hypoxia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of metabolic alkalosis in the last scenario?

    <p>Ingestion of large amounts of sodium bicarbonate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of metabolic alkalosis on the body?

    <p>Increases the binding of available calcium ions in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is metabolic alkalosis compensated in the body?

    <p>By allowing the carbon dioxide level to rise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of blood cell is responsible for ingesting invading bacteria?

    <p>Neutrophil polymorphonuclear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition involves abnormal white cells invading the bone marrow?

    <p>Leukaemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood cell is the smallest cellular element in the blood?

    <p>Platelet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is mainly responsible for opposing the leak of fluid out of capillaries?

    <p>Plasma albumin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lipid-related topic provides the most energy per unit mass?

    <p>Source of energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is a risk factor for coronary artery disease?

    <p>High levels of cholesterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

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