Body Fluids and Their Functions
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Questions and Answers

What percentage of total body water is typically found within the intracellular fluid (ICF)?

  • Approximately 3/4
  • Approximately 1/3
  • Approximately 1/2
  • Approximately 2/3 (correct)

    • Which of the following best describes the primary function of the capillary membrane in relation to plasma proteins?

  • It modifies the structure of plasma proteins.
  • It facilitates the free movement of plasma proteins.
  • It serves as a barrier that prevents the movement of plasma proteins. (correct)
  • It actively transports plasma proteins into the cells.

    • Which of the following is NOT a direct function of body water?

  • Lubricating joints and potential spaces.
  • Serving as a medium for chemical reactions.
  • Regulating body temperature through evaporation.
  • Acting as a structural component of cell membranes. (correct)

    • How do the protein concentrations compare between plasma and the interstitial fluid (ISF)?

    <p>Protein concentration is significantly higher in the plasma than in the ISF. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cation found in the extracellular fluid (ECF)?

    <p>Sodium (Na+) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ion is present in smaller amounts within the intracellular fluid (ICF) compared to the extracellular fluid (ECF)?

    <p>Sodium (Na+) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the pH of the intracellular fluid (ICF) compare to the pH of the extracellular fluid (ECF)?

    <p>The ICF pH is lower than the ECF pH. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT typically a component found within the extracellular fluid (ECF)?

    <p>Hemoglobin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily drives the continuous fluid exchange across cell membranes?

    <p>The permeability of membranes to water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the immediate effect of injecting a hypertonic NaCl solution intravenously?

    <p>Increase in ECF osmolality (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to cell volume when a hypotonic NaCl solution is administered intravenously?

    <p>The cells swell due to water intake. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does injecting an isotonic solution affect the osmolality of body fluids?

    <p>Does not affect the osmolality of either ECF or ICF. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the direction of water movement during osmosis?

    <p>The concentration of water. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a membrane separates two compartments, and compartment B has a higher solute concentration, what will happen to water?

    <p>Water will diffuse from A to B, increasing the height of column B. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to a cell when the water concentration outside the cell is lower than inside the cell?

    <p>The cell will shrink due to water loss. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the concentration of solute affect the concentration of water in a solution?

    <p>The greater the solute concentration, the lower the water concentration. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes an 'effective' osmole?

    <p>A solute that does not easily cross a membrane, generating an osmotic force. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do plasma proteins act as effective osmoles within the vascular compartment?

    <p>They do not easily cross the capillary membrane. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For osmosis to occur, what two conditions must be met?

    <p>A difference in solute concentration on the two sides of the membrane and membrane impermeability to the solute. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is osmotic pressure defined as?

    <p>The amount of pressure required to halt the movement of water (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under normal conditions, how does the body maintain a constant total body water (TBW) level?

    <p>By ensuring that water gain equals water loss. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is the main source of daily water gain for the body?

    <p>Exogenous water consumed through drinking fluids. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of insensible water loss?

    <p>Evaporation from the respiratory tract and skin. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal daily water loss through urine?

    <p>1400ml (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Hypertonic Solution

    A type of solution where the solute concentration is higher outside the cell, causing water to move out of the cell.

    Hypotonic Solution

    A type of solution where the solute concentration is lower outside the cell, causing water to move into the cell.

    Isotonic Solution

    A solution with the same solute concentration as the inside of the cell, resulting in no net movement of water.

    Osmosis

    The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration.

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    Osmolality

    The ability of a solution to draw water across a semipermeable membrane.

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    Intracellular Fluid (ICF)

    Fluid inside cells, separated from the extracellular fluid by the cell membrane.

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    Extracellular Fluid (ECF)

    Fluid outside cells, surrounding the cells and tissues.

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    Osmotic Equilibrium

    A condition where the osmolality of the intracellular fluid (ICF) and extracellular fluid (ECF) are equal.

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    Interstitial Fluid (ISF)

    The fluid that surrounds cells, found between cells and blood vessels. It makes up the majority of ECF.

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    Plasma

    The liquid portion of the blood, carrying nutrients and waste.

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    Sodium (Na+)

    The main cation found in ECF. It helps maintain fluid balance and nerve signaling.

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    Chloride (Cl-)

    The main anion found in ECF. It plays a role in maintaining acid-base balance.

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    Potassium (K+)

    The main cation inside cells. Important for muscle function and nerve impulse transmission.

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    Cerebrospinal Fluid

    The fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord. It provides cushioning and protection.

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    Effective Osmole

    A solute that cannot easily cross a membrane and creates an osmotic force for water.

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    Osmotic Pressure

    The pressure required to stop the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane due to osmosis.

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    Water Balance

    The balance between the amount of water the body takes in and loses each day.

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    Exogenous Water

    Water obtained from sources outside the body, primarily through drinking and eating.

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    Endogenous Water

    Water produced internally within the body as a byproduct of metabolism.

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    Insensible Water Loss

    Water loss that occurs through the skin and respiratory tract, mainly through evaporation.

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    Comfortable Zone

    The comfortable range of atmospheric temperature, typically around 20°C, where normal water loss occurs.

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    Study Notes

    Body Fluids

    • Body fluids are crucial for maintaining homeostasis
    • Total body water (TBW) is approximately 60% of body weight in adults
    • Intracellular fluid (ICF) is about 2/3 of TBW
    • Extracellular fluid (ECF) is approximately 1/3 of TBW
    • Interstitial fluid (ISF) comprises about 3/4 of ECF
    • Vascular compartment contains blood volume, including plasma and red blood cells; about 1/4 of ECF
    • Cell membranes and capillary membranes act as barriers regulating fluid and solute exchange

    Functions of Body Water

    • Medium for chemical and enzymatic reactions
    • Essential for diffusion and filtration
    • Involved in regulating pH and osmolality
    • Regulates body temperature through heat absorption, distribution, and evaporation
    • Lubricant in joints and potential spaces (e.g., pleura)
    • Refractive medium in the eye
    • Cerebrospinal fluid acts as a mechanical buffer protecting the brain
    • Medium for O2 and CO2 exchange in lungs and tissues

    Composition of Extracellular Fluid (ECF)

    • Composition is similar throughout ECF, except for protein concentration
    • Primarily composed of Na+ (about 142 mEq/L) as the main cation and Cl- (about 106 mEq/L) as the main anion
    • Other cations include K+ (about 4.2 mEq/L), Ca2+, and Mg2+
    • Other anions include HCO3-(about 24 mEq/L), proteins, and small amounts of HPO4-2 and SO4-2
    • Also contains non-electrolytes like glucose, cholesterol, urea, uric acid, creatinine, bile pigments, and phospholipids
    • ECF pH is approximately 7.4
    • ECF osmolality is about 300 mOsm/L

    Composition of Intracellular Fluid (ICF)

    • Main cations are K+ (about 140 mEq/L) and Mg2+ (about 20 mEq/L) along with small amounts of Na+ and Ca2+
    • Main anions include HPO4-2 and proteins, along with small amounts of Cl-,HCO3-, and SO4-2
    • ICF pH is less than that of ECF (around 7)
    • ICF osmolality is similar to ECF osmolality

    Fluid Exchange Between ICF and ECF

    • Cell membranes are highly permeable to water, leading to continuous fluid exchange and equal osmolality
    • Factors such as hypertonic or hypotonic NaCl injections alter osmolality, causing water to move between ICF and ECF until equilibrium is reached

    Osmosis

    • Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a semipermeable or selectively permeable membrane
    • Movement of water from a region of higher-water concentration to a region of lower-water concentration
    • Water concentration in a solution is determined by the solute concentration
    • The number of particles, not the type of particle is crucial to osmolality

    Osmotic Pressure

    • Osmotic pressure is the amount of pressure needed to stop osmosis in a sodium chloride solution
    • Differences in osmotic pressure create a driving force for water movement across a membrane

    Water Balance

    • Normal water balance involves equal daily water gain and loss (approximately 2300 mL/day)
    • Water intake is primarily from exogenous sources such as ingested fluids and food
    • Water loss occurs through various mechanisms like urinary, fecal, respiratory, and evaporative losses

    Water Gain sources

    • Drinking fluids: approximately 1400 ml daily
    • Foodwater: approximately 600 ml daily
    • Endogenous synthesis: approximately 300 ml daily

    Water Loss sources

    • Urine: approximately 1400 ml daily
    • Feces: approximately 100 ml daily
    • Respiratory tract: approximately 350 ml daily
    • Skin: approximately 450 ml daily, often called insensible water loss

    Summary

    • Important role of body fluids in maintaining homeostasis
    • Composition and functions of intracellular and extracellular fluids
    • Mechanisms of fluid exchange, particularly osmosis, for maintaining equilibrium
    • Water balance as an aspect of overall body homeostasis

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    Related Documents

    Body Fluids PDF

    Description

    Explore the essential role of body fluids in maintaining homeostasis, including the distribution of total body water and the specific functions of intracellular and extracellular fluids. This quiz covers the mechanisms that regulate fluid exchange and the various functions of body water in crucial physiological processes.

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