Podcast
Questions and Answers
What was Isaac's primary concern regarding his appearance?
What was Isaac's primary concern regarding his appearance?
Which of the following is NOT one of the diagnostic criteria for hoarding disorder?
Which of the following is NOT one of the diagnostic criteria for hoarding disorder?
How did Isaac attempt to manage his discomfort with his appearance?
How did Isaac attempt to manage his discomfort with his appearance?
What can be inferred about Isaac's perception of his friends?
What can be inferred about Isaac's perception of his friends?
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What character trait does Isaac display through his actions regarding his appearance?
What character trait does Isaac display through his actions regarding his appearance?
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Which factor is NOT accounted for in determining hoarding disorder?
Which factor is NOT accounted for in determining hoarding disorder?
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What does the presence of excessive acquisition indicate in hoarding disorder?
What does the presence of excessive acquisition indicate in hoarding disorder?
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Which of the following best characterizes the clinical impact of hoarding disorder?
Which of the following best characterizes the clinical impact of hoarding disorder?
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What defines body dysmorphic disorder?
What defines body dysmorphic disorder?
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What type of repetitive behavior may someone with body dysmorphic disorder engage in?
What type of repetitive behavior may someone with body dysmorphic disorder engage in?
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Which of the following is NOT a criterion for diagnosing body dysmorphic disorder?
Which of the following is NOT a criterion for diagnosing body dysmorphic disorder?
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What does good or fair insight indicate in body dysmorphic disorder?
What does good or fair insight indicate in body dysmorphic disorder?
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What specific focus might someone with muscle dysmorphia have?
What specific focus might someone with muscle dysmorphia have?
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How does Isaac's situation exemplify social anxiety disorder?
How does Isaac's situation exemplify social anxiety disorder?
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What is indicated by the absence of insight or delusional beliefs in body dysmorphic disorder?
What is indicated by the absence of insight or delusional beliefs in body dysmorphic disorder?
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What level of impairment can body dysmorphic disorder cause?
What level of impairment can body dysmorphic disorder cause?
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What does having good or fair insight in hoarding disorder indicate?
What does having good or fair insight in hoarding disorder indicate?
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Which of the following best describes Dee's main disability related to her hoarding?
Which of the following best describes Dee's main disability related to her hoarding?
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What contributed to the worsening of Dee's hoarding symptoms?
What contributed to the worsening of Dee's hoarding symptoms?
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Which of the following factors is significant in Dee’s family history?
Which of the following factors is significant in Dee’s family history?
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What emotional symptoms did Dee experience related to her hoarding disorder?
What emotional symptoms did Dee experience related to her hoarding disorder?
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What is one behavior that is commonly associated with Trichotillomania?
What is one behavior that is commonly associated with Trichotillomania?
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How does Dee's childhood experience relate to her hoarding behavior?
How does Dee's childhood experience relate to her hoarding behavior?
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What distinguishes 'absent insight/delusional beliefs' in hoarding disorder?
What distinguishes 'absent insight/delusional beliefs' in hoarding disorder?
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What was the primary diagnosis given to the case presented?
What was the primary diagnosis given to the case presented?
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Which medication was prescribed for the patient?
Which medication was prescribed for the patient?
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Which of the following symptoms was noted as absent in the psychiatric interview?
Which of the following symptoms was noted as absent in the psychiatric interview?
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What level of insight did the patient demonstrate?
What level of insight did the patient demonstrate?
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In which category would symptoms not meeting full criteria for obsessive-compulsive disorder be placed?
In which category would symptoms not meeting full criteria for obsessive-compulsive disorder be placed?
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What was identified as a physical examination result for the patient?
What was identified as a physical examination result for the patient?
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Which feature is characteristic of body dysmorphic–like disorder with actual flaws?
Which feature is characteristic of body dysmorphic–like disorder with actual flaws?
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What is the required characteristic for a presentation to qualify as 'Other Specified OCD and Related Disorders'?
What is the required characteristic for a presentation to qualify as 'Other Specified OCD and Related Disorders'?
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Which brain regions are specifically noted for their abnormal functioning in relation to certain psychological impulses?
Which brain regions are specifically noted for their abnormal functioning in relation to certain psychological impulses?
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What is the main goal of Exposure and Response Prevention therapy?
What is the main goal of Exposure and Response Prevention therapy?
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Which of the following is NOT a part of Habit Reversal Training (HRT)?
Which of the following is NOT a part of Habit Reversal Training (HRT)?
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What neurotransmitter is mentioned as being linked to abnormally low activity in certain psychological disorders?
What neurotransmitter is mentioned as being linked to abnormally low activity in certain psychological disorders?
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In the context of the brain circuitry discussed, what role do the caudate nuclei play?
In the context of the brain circuitry discussed, what role do the caudate nuclei play?
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Which treatment has received the most empirical support for treating trichotillomania?
Which treatment has received the most empirical support for treating trichotillomania?
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What does the Competing Response Training component of Habit Reversal Training focus on?
What does the Competing Response Training component of Habit Reversal Training focus on?
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What might be a consequence of either the orbitofrontal cortex or caudate nuclei being too active?
What might be a consequence of either the orbitofrontal cortex or caudate nuclei being too active?
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Study Notes
Body Dysmorphic Disorder
- Individuals with Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) are preoccupied with perceived defects in their physical appearance, which are often unobservable by others or appear slight.
- These individuals engage in repetitive behaviors like mirror checking, excessive grooming, skin picking, and reassurance seeking.
- The preoccupation with appearance causes significant distress and impairs social, occupational, and other important areas of functioning.
- BDD is distinct from concerns related to weight or body fat in eating disorders.
- Muscle dysmorphia, a specific type of BDD, involves preoccupation with the body being too small or insufficiently muscular.
- Individuals with BDD can be categorized by their level of insight into their beliefs: good/fair, poor, or absent/delusional.
The Case of Isaac
- Isaac, a young man in his mid-20s, was diagnosed with potential social anxiety disorder.
- He was unable to accept a position at a synagogue due to social difficulties.
- Isaac was convinced that everyone, even his friends, was staring at a perceived grotesque part of his body (a square head).
- He wore hats and preferred colder weather to hide this perceived flaw.
Hoarding Disorder
- Individuals with Hoarding Disorder struggle to discard possessions, regardless of their actual value.
- This difficulty stems from a perceived need to save items and distress associated with discarding them.
- The accumulation of possessions leads to clutter and congestion, compromising the intended use of living spaces.
- Hoarding causes significant distress and impairment in social, occupational, and other crucial areas of functioning.
- It is not attributed to other medical conditions or mental disorders.
- Excessive acquisition refers to the difficulty discarding possessions being accompanied by the excessive acquisition of unnecessary items.
- Individuals with hoarding disorder can be categorized by their level of insight into their beliefs: good/fair, poor, or absent/delusional.
The Case of Dee
- Dee, a 63-year-old woman, was diagnosed with hoarding disorder.
- Her hoarding behavior, characterized as “difficulty throwing things away”, led to social isolation due to embarrassment about her cluttered home.
- Dee's symptoms began in childhood and involved hiding things from her mother.
- She also reported having a history of anxiety and depression.
- Dee's family history included hoarding behaviors in her mother and grandmother.
Trichotillomania
- Individuals with Trichotillomania pull out their hair recurrently, resulting in hair loss.
- They repeatedly attempt to reduce or stop hair pulling.
Substance/Medication-Induced OCD and Related Disorders
- These disorders involve obsessive-compulsive symptoms that are directly caused by substance use or medication use.
Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition
- This category includes obsessive-compulsive symptoms that develop due to a medical condition, such as brain injury or stroke.
Other Specified OCD and Related Disorders
- This category includes presentations that are similar to OCD or related disorders but do not meet all the criteria for any specific diagnosis.
- Examples include:
- Body dysmorphic–like disorder with actual flaws, where the perceived defect is more noticeable than “slight".
- Body dysmorphic–like disorder without repetitive behaviors, where the individual does not engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts.
Biological Perspective of OCD
- Family pedigree suggests a genetic component to OCD.
- Abnormally low serotonin activity and disrupted functioning in specific brain regions, such as the orbitofrontal cortex and caudate nuclei, may contribute to OCD.
- These regions contribute to a brain circuit that converts sensory information into thoughts and actions.
- The orbitofrontal cortex and caudate nuclei may be overactive in some individuals, leading to excessive intrusive thoughts and behaviors.
Treatment for OCD
- Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP): This therapy involves actively preventing rituals while systematically and gradually exposing the individual to feared thoughts or situations.
- Habit Reversal Training (HRT): Combines awareness training, competing response training, and generalization training to address unwanted behaviors.
- Social support and reinforcement can also play a significant role in treatment.
- HRT has proven effective in treating Trichotillomania.
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Description
This quiz explores Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD), highlighting its symptoms, behaviors, and the psychological impact on individuals. It contrasts BDD with other disorders, specifically related to body image and offers insights into unique cases like Isaac's. Test your understanding of BDD and its complexities.
