Body Dysmorphic Disorder Overview
40 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What was Isaac's primary concern regarding his appearance?

  • The opinions of strangers about his deformity
  • His belief that everyone was staring at his square head (correct)
  • His clothing choices during winter
  • His performance anxiety in social situations

    • Which of the following is NOT one of the diagnostic criteria for hoarding disorder?

  • Clinically significant distress or impairment in functioning
  • Accumulation of possessions that congest living areas
  • Distress associated with discarding possessions
  • The need to acquire possessions for aesthetic reasons (correct)

    • How did Isaac attempt to manage his discomfort with his appearance?

  • By seeking therapy for anxiety
  • By avoiding social interactions completely
  • By wearing hats and stocking caps (correct)
  • By changing his hairstyle

    • What can be inferred about Isaac's perception of his friends?

    <p>He felt they were overly sympathetic and didn't discuss his deformity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What character trait does Isaac display through his actions regarding his appearance?

    <p>Insecurity about self-image</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT accounted for in determining hoarding disorder?

    <p>Individual's personal sentiment towards items</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the presence of excessive acquisition indicate in hoarding disorder?

    <p>Difficulty in managing existing possessions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best characterizes the clinical impact of hoarding disorder?

    <p>It causes interference in various important life areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines body dysmorphic disorder?

    <p>Obsession with a perceived defect in appearance not observable to others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of repetitive behavior may someone with body dysmorphic disorder engage in?

    <p>Grooming and checking their reflection excessively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a criterion for diagnosing body dysmorphic disorder?

    <p>The appearance concerns are linked to eating disorder symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does good or fair insight indicate in body dysmorphic disorder?

    <p>Recognition that beliefs may not be accurate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What specific focus might someone with muscle dysmorphia have?

    <p>Preoccupation with feeling too small or weak.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Isaac's situation exemplify social anxiety disorder?

    <p>He avoids social situations to escape judgment or embarrassment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by the absence of insight or delusional beliefs in body dysmorphic disorder?

    <p>The individual is completely convinced of their distorted beliefs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What level of impairment can body dysmorphic disorder cause?

    <p>Clinically significant distress affecting various life areas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does having good or fair insight in hoarding disorder indicate?

    <p>The individual recognizes their hoarding-related behaviors as problematic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes Dee's main disability related to her hoarding?

    <p>Complete social isolation due to embarrassment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributed to the worsening of Dee's hoarding symptoms?

    <p>Moving into a new house.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors is significant in Dee’s family history?

    <p>Her mother and maternal grandmother exhibited hoarding behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What emotional symptoms did Dee experience related to her hoarding disorder?

    <p>Crying spells and feelings of failure due to wasted time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one behavior that is commonly associated with Trichotillomania?

    <p>Recurrent pulling out of one’s hair.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Dee's childhood experience relate to her hoarding behavior?

    <p>She experienced anxiety and hid items to avoid their disposal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes 'absent insight/delusional beliefs' in hoarding disorder?

    <p>The individual believes their hoarding behaviors are not problematic, despite clear evidence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary diagnosis given to the case presented?

    <p>Excoriation Disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication was prescribed for the patient?

    <p>Fluoxetine 20 mg/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms was noted as absent in the psychiatric interview?

    <p>Hallucinations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What level of insight did the patient demonstrate?

    <p>Level 4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which category would symptoms not meeting full criteria for obsessive-compulsive disorder be placed?

    <p>Other Specified OCD and Related Disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was identified as a physical examination result for the patient?

    <p>Multiple wounds on hands and feet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature is characteristic of body dysmorphic–like disorder with actual flaws?

    <p>Excessive preoccupation with visible flaws</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the required characteristic for a presentation to qualify as 'Other Specified OCD and Related Disorders'?

    <p>Symptoms must cause significant impairment or distress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which brain regions are specifically noted for their abnormal functioning in relation to certain psychological impulses?

    <p>Orbitofrontal cortex and caudate nuclei</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of Exposure and Response Prevention therapy?

    <p>To prevent rituals and expose patients to feared thoughts or situations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a part of Habit Reversal Training (HRT)?

    <p>Relaxation training</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What neurotransmitter is mentioned as being linked to abnormally low activity in certain psychological disorders?

    <p>Serotonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of the brain circuitry discussed, what role do the caudate nuclei play?

    <p>Filtering and sending powerful impulses to the thalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment has received the most empirical support for treating trichotillomania?

    <p>Habit Reversal Training</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Competing Response Training component of Habit Reversal Training focus on?

    <p>Practicing alternative behaviors to replace the unwanted one</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might be a consequence of either the orbitofrontal cortex or caudate nuclei being too active?

    <p>Constant eruption of troublesome thoughts and actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Body Dysmorphic Disorder

    • Individuals with Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) are preoccupied with perceived defects in their physical appearance, which are often unobservable by others or appear slight.
    • These individuals engage in repetitive behaviors like mirror checking, excessive grooming, skin picking, and reassurance seeking.
    • The preoccupation with appearance causes significant distress and impairs social, occupational, and other important areas of functioning.
    • BDD is distinct from concerns related to weight or body fat in eating disorders.
    • Muscle dysmorphia, a specific type of BDD, involves preoccupation with the body being too small or insufficiently muscular.
    • Individuals with BDD can be categorized by their level of insight into their beliefs: good/fair, poor, or absent/delusional.

    The Case of Isaac

    • Isaac, a young man in his mid-20s, was diagnosed with potential social anxiety disorder.
    • He was unable to accept a position at a synagogue due to social difficulties.
    • Isaac was convinced that everyone, even his friends, was staring at a perceived grotesque part of his body (a square head).
    • He wore hats and preferred colder weather to hide this perceived flaw.

    Hoarding Disorder

    • Individuals with Hoarding Disorder struggle to discard possessions, regardless of their actual value.
    • This difficulty stems from a perceived need to save items and distress associated with discarding them.
    • The accumulation of possessions leads to clutter and congestion, compromising the intended use of living spaces.
    • Hoarding causes significant distress and impairment in social, occupational, and other crucial areas of functioning.
    • It is not attributed to other medical conditions or mental disorders.
    • Excessive acquisition refers to the difficulty discarding possessions being accompanied by the excessive acquisition of unnecessary items.
    • Individuals with hoarding disorder can be categorized by their level of insight into their beliefs: good/fair, poor, or absent/delusional.

    The Case of Dee

    • Dee, a 63-year-old woman, was diagnosed with hoarding disorder.
    • Her hoarding behavior, characterized as “difficulty throwing things away”, led to social isolation due to embarrassment about her cluttered home.
    • Dee's symptoms began in childhood and involved hiding things from her mother.
    • She also reported having a history of anxiety and depression.
    • Dee's family history included hoarding behaviors in her mother and grandmother.

    Trichotillomania

    • Individuals with Trichotillomania pull out their hair recurrently, resulting in hair loss.
    • They repeatedly attempt to reduce or stop hair pulling.
    • These disorders involve obsessive-compulsive symptoms that are directly caused by substance use or medication use.
    • This category includes obsessive-compulsive symptoms that develop due to a medical condition, such as brain injury or stroke.
    • This category includes presentations that are similar to OCD or related disorders but do not meet all the criteria for any specific diagnosis.
    • Examples include:
      • Body dysmorphic–like disorder with actual flaws, where the perceived defect is more noticeable than “slight".
      • Body dysmorphic–like disorder without repetitive behaviors, where the individual does not engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts.

    Biological Perspective of OCD

    • Family pedigree suggests a genetic component to OCD.
    • Abnormally low serotonin activity and disrupted functioning in specific brain regions, such as the orbitofrontal cortex and caudate nuclei, may contribute to OCD.
    • These regions contribute to a brain circuit that converts sensory information into thoughts and actions.
    • The orbitofrontal cortex and caudate nuclei may be overactive in some individuals, leading to excessive intrusive thoughts and behaviors.

    Treatment for OCD

    • Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP): This therapy involves actively preventing rituals while systematically and gradually exposing the individual to feared thoughts or situations.
    • Habit Reversal Training (HRT): Combines awareness training, competing response training, and generalization training to address unwanted behaviors.
    • Social support and reinforcement can also play a significant role in treatment.
    • HRT has proven effective in treating Trichotillomania.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD), highlighting its symptoms, behaviors, and the psychological impact on individuals. It contrasts BDD with other disorders, specifically related to body image and offers insights into unique cases like Isaac's. Test your understanding of BDD and its complexities.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser