12 Questions
Which of the following best describes toddlers with secure attachment in the Strange Situation?
Toddlers in this category greet the mother happily and seek physical contact upon her return.
What are the four classifications of attachment developed by John Bowlby based on toddlers' responses to the Strange Situation?
Secure attachment, anxious attachment, ambivalent attachment, and disorganized attachment.
What do securely attached toddlers usually do when the mother returns in the Strange Situation?
They greet the mother happily and seek physical contact.
Which of the following best describes toddlers with insecure-avoidant attachment in the Strange Situation?
These toddlers show little or no interaction with the mother when she is present, and no response to her departure or return.
What is the typical behavior of toddlers with insecure-avoidant attachment when they are picked up in the last episode of the Strange Situation?
They immediately seek to get down.
Which researcher developed the four classifications of attachment based on toddlers' responses to the Strange Situation?
John Bowlby
Which of the following best describes toddlers with insecure-resistant attachment in the Strange Situation?
They are hesitant to explore toys when their mother is present
What is the typical behavior of toddlers with insecure-resistant attachment when their mother returns in the Strange Situation?
They push their mother away when she attempts to comfort or pick them up
Which of the following statements is true about toddlers with insecure-resistant attachment in the Strange Situation?
They display ambivalence in their attachment relationship
Which of the following is a characteristic of toddlers with disorganised-disoriented attachment in the Strange Situation?
They freeze suddenly in odd postures
What is a common factor among toddlers who display disorganised-disoriented attachment in the Strange Situation?
They have experienced severe abuse or neglect
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of toddlers with disorganised-disoriented attachment in the Strange Situation?
They exhibit signs of autism or Down syndrome
Study Notes
Secure Attachment
- Toddlers with secure attachment exhibit a sense of safety and security, using their mother as a "safe base" to explore the environment.
- When the mother returns in the Strange Situation, securely attached toddlers usually greet her warmly, may cry, and then quickly return to exploration.
Insecure-Avoidant Attachment
- Toddlers with insecure-avoidant attachment exhibit a lack of emotional response, avoiding or ignoring their mother when she returns in the Strange Situation.
- When picked up in the last episode of the Strange Situation, toddlers with insecure-avoidant attachment tend to show little or no emotional response.
Insecure-Resistant Attachment
- Toddlers with insecure-resistant attachment exhibit a mix of clingy and resistant behaviors, simultaneously seeking comfort and pushing their mother away.
- When their mother returns in the Strange Situation, toddlers with insecure-resistant attachment tend to be ambivalent, showing clingy behavior and then pushing their mother away.
- Toddlers with insecure-resistant attachment are difficult to comfort, and may continue to exhibit distress even after being reunited with their mother.
Disorganised-Disoriented Attachment
- Toddlers with disorganised-disoriented attachment exhibit a lack of coherent attachment strategy, often displaying a mix of avoidance and resistance behaviors.
- A common factor among toddlers who display disorganised-disoriented attachment is a history of abuse or neglect.
- Disorganised-disoriented attachment is characterized by a lack of coherence in the toddler's behaviors, and may include freezing, stilling, or disoriented behaviors.
Classification of Attachment
- John Bowlby developed the four classifications of attachment based on toddlers' responses to the Strange Situation.
- The four classifications of attachment are: secure, insecure-avoidant, insecure-resistant, and disorganised-disoriented.
Test your knowledge on toddler attachment classifications in this quiz. Learn about John Bowlby's four classifications and understand how secure attachment impacts a toddler's behavior during separation.
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