18 Questions
What is the main objective of the course Fundamentals of Biomedical Engineering?
Connect engineering and biological approaches in medicine, science & technology
Which topic is NOT covered in the course Fundamentals of Biomedical Engineering?
Biomechanics
From an engineering perspective, what is a key focus of the course?
Understanding cellular mechanisms
What is a core topic discussed in BME395: cells and tissues?
Biophysics
Which activity is NOT part of the course evaluation schedule?
Tutorial Schedule
What type of problems does the course aim to solve?
Problems in medicine, science & technology
What is the main purpose of homeostasis in the body?
To regulate variables to maintain a stable internal environment
How does the body respond if its temperature is too high in terms of homeostasis?
By sweating to dissipate heat
What is the main role of an effector in a feedback loop?
To act in response to stimulation
Which term refers to the entire internal environment of the body?
Homeostasis
In homeostasis, what is the role of the temperature-regulatory control center in the brain?
To integrate information from receptors
What happens to maintain pH levels in the vagina from an example provided in the text?
Growth of bacterial colonies
What is the main integrating center for sensory information going to the cerebrum and the main output for motor information leaving the cerebrum?
Thalamus
Which component of a feedback control system receives the signal?
Receptor
What is the term used to describe conducting or carrying signals outward/away from something, like nerves that carry signals away from the brain?
Efferent
If the error value (ε) in a feedback loop is 0, what does it indicate about the system?
The system is at the set point
Where are the major integrating centers for sensory information in the brain located?
Hypothalamus
What term defines a bodily part that becomes active in response to stimulation, such as a gland or muscle?
Effector
Study Notes
Course Overview
- BME205H1 Fundamentals of Biomedical Engineering course objective: connect engineer and biological approaches to solve problems in medicine, science, and technology
- Topics covered: anatomy and physiology, cellular mechanisms, design principles of biological systems, biosignals and bioinstrumentation, medical devices
Homeostasis
- Definition: tendency of the body and its systems towards a stable, constant internal environment
- Regulation of variables in a system to maintain internal stability
- Essential for individual cell survival and maintaining internal environment shared by all cells and systems
- Examples: regulation of ions, pH levels, and body temperature
Feedback Loop Control
- Definition: a mechanism that regulates a physiologic variable to maintain homeostasis
- Components: sensor, receptor, control-integration center, effector, and afferent nerve signal
- Control-integration center: thalamus and hypothalamus in the brain
- Effector: a bodily part that becomes active in response to stimulation (e.g. gland, muscle)
- Receptor: cells or proteins that receive signals
- Efferent: conducting or carrying outward/away from something (e.g. nerves that carry signals away from brain)
- Negative feedback: difference between reference (set point) and sensor value (signal from receptor)
Feedback Loop in Temperature Regulation
- Physiologic variable: body temperature
- Sensor: skin and brain receptors
- Control-integration center: hypothalamus and thalamus
- Effector: sweat glands and muscles
- Regulation: sweating to dissipate heat when temperature is too high, shivering to generate heat when temperature is too low
Key Terms
- Homeostasis: maintaining internal environment stability
- Equilibrium: specific mechanisms, reactions, etc. to maintain internal stability
- Control-integration center: thalamus and hypothalamus in the brain
- Effector: bodily part that becomes active in response to stimulation
- Receptor: cells or proteins that receive signals
- Efferent: conducting or carrying outward/away from something
Discover the fundamentals of biomedical engineering with a focus on connecting engineering and biological approaches to solve problems in medicine, science, and technology. Explore topics such as anatomy, physiology, cellular mechanisms, design principles of biological systems, biosignals, bioinstrumentation, and medical devices.
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