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Questions and Answers
What is the main objective of the course Fundamentals of Biomedical Engineering?
What is the main objective of the course Fundamentals of Biomedical Engineering?
- Explore the dynamics of bio systems
- Study the design principles of biological systems
- Connect engineering and biological approaches in medicine, science & technology (correct)
- Analyze the biocompatibility of medical devices
Which topic is NOT covered in the course Fundamentals of Biomedical Engineering?
Which topic is NOT covered in the course Fundamentals of Biomedical Engineering?
- Biomechanics (correct)
- Anatomy & Physiology
- Biosignals & Bioinstrumentation
- Design principles of biological systems
From an engineering perspective, what is a key focus of the course?
From an engineering perspective, what is a key focus of the course?
- Understanding cellular mechanisms (correct)
- Analyzing organic biochemistry
- Investigating molecular cell biology and genetics
- Exploring whole body integrative physiology
What is a core topic discussed in BME395: cells and tissues?
What is a core topic discussed in BME395: cells and tissues?
Which activity is NOT part of the course evaluation schedule?
Which activity is NOT part of the course evaluation schedule?
What type of problems does the course aim to solve?
What type of problems does the course aim to solve?
What is the main purpose of homeostasis in the body?
What is the main purpose of homeostasis in the body?
How does the body respond if its temperature is too high in terms of homeostasis?
How does the body respond if its temperature is too high in terms of homeostasis?
What is the main role of an effector in a feedback loop?
What is the main role of an effector in a feedback loop?
Which term refers to the entire internal environment of the body?
Which term refers to the entire internal environment of the body?
In homeostasis, what is the role of the temperature-regulatory control center in the brain?
In homeostasis, what is the role of the temperature-regulatory control center in the brain?
What happens to maintain pH levels in the vagina from an example provided in the text?
What happens to maintain pH levels in the vagina from an example provided in the text?
What is the main integrating center for sensory information going to the cerebrum and the main output for motor information leaving the cerebrum?
What is the main integrating center for sensory information going to the cerebrum and the main output for motor information leaving the cerebrum?
Which component of a feedback control system receives the signal?
Which component of a feedback control system receives the signal?
What is the term used to describe conducting or carrying signals outward/away from something, like nerves that carry signals away from the brain?
What is the term used to describe conducting or carrying signals outward/away from something, like nerves that carry signals away from the brain?
If the error value (ε) in a feedback loop is 0, what does it indicate about the system?
If the error value (ε) in a feedback loop is 0, what does it indicate about the system?
Where are the major integrating centers for sensory information in the brain located?
Where are the major integrating centers for sensory information in the brain located?
What term defines a bodily part that becomes active in response to stimulation, such as a gland or muscle?
What term defines a bodily part that becomes active in response to stimulation, such as a gland or muscle?
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Study Notes
Course Overview
- BME205H1 Fundamentals of Biomedical Engineering course objective: connect engineer and biological approaches to solve problems in medicine, science, and technology
- Topics covered: anatomy and physiology, cellular mechanisms, design principles of biological systems, biosignals and bioinstrumentation, medical devices
Homeostasis
- Definition: tendency of the body and its systems towards a stable, constant internal environment
- Regulation of variables in a system to maintain internal stability
- Essential for individual cell survival and maintaining internal environment shared by all cells and systems
- Examples: regulation of ions, pH levels, and body temperature
Feedback Loop Control
- Definition: a mechanism that regulates a physiologic variable to maintain homeostasis
- Components: sensor, receptor, control-integration center, effector, and afferent nerve signal
- Control-integration center: thalamus and hypothalamus in the brain
- Effector: a bodily part that becomes active in response to stimulation (e.g. gland, muscle)
- Receptor: cells or proteins that receive signals
- Efferent: conducting or carrying outward/away from something (e.g. nerves that carry signals away from brain)
- Negative feedback: difference between reference (set point) and sensor value (signal from receptor)
Feedback Loop in Temperature Regulation
- Physiologic variable: body temperature
- Sensor: skin and brain receptors
- Control-integration center: hypothalamus and thalamus
- Effector: sweat glands and muscles
- Regulation: sweating to dissipate heat when temperature is too high, shivering to generate heat when temperature is too low
Key Terms
- Homeostasis: maintaining internal environment stability
- Equilibrium: specific mechanisms, reactions, etc. to maintain internal stability
- Control-integration center: thalamus and hypothalamus in the brain
- Effector: bodily part that becomes active in response to stimulation
- Receptor: cells or proteins that receive signals
- Efferent: conducting or carrying outward/away from something
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