Blood Vessels & Circulation Chapter 20

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What is the term for an internal blood clot that is stationary?

Thrombus (correct)

Embolus

Varicose veins

Vascular sinuses

What is the main function of capillaries?

To transport oxygen and nutrients to the body

To regulate blood pressure

To allow for exchange of gases and nutrients between blood and tissues (correct)

To filter waste products from the blood

What type of capillaries contain pores and are more permeable than continuous capillaries?

Continuous capillaries

Varicose capillaries

Fenestrated capillaries (correct)

Sinusoid capillaries

What is the term for the interweaving network of capillaries?

Capillary beds Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the volume of blood flowing through a vessel, an organ, or the entire body?

Blood flow Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of valves in veins?

To prevent backflow Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that affects blood pressure in the arteries when the ventricles contract?

Systolic pressure Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors increases blood pressure?

Increase in blood viscosity Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the respiratory pump in short-term blood pressure regulation?

To help force blood back to the heart Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of baroreceptors in the regulation of blood pressure?

To send impulses related to blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of epinephrine and norepinephrine on blood pressure?

They increase heart rate and cardiac output, causing vasoconstriction Signup and view all the answers

What is the average blood pressure in the capillaries?

35 mmHg Signup and view all the answers

What arteries branch off from the thoracic aorta?

Intercostal arteries, bronchial arteries, and phrenic arteries Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the hepatic portal vein?

To carry blood from one capillary network to another Signup and view all the answers

Which arteries are responsible for supplying blood to the digestive system?

Celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, and inferior mesenteric artery Signup and view all the answers

What is the eventual destination of the blood from the lower body?

Inferior vena cava Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the hepatic artery and the liver?

The hepatic artery supplies the liver with oxygen Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of arterioles in the arterial system?

To regulate the flow of blood into the capillaries Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the obstruction or constriction of an artery leading to insufficient blood supply to an organ or body part?

Ischemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the thinnest layer of a blood vessel?

Tunica interna Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of the tunica media?

Smooth muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the precapillary sphincters?

To regulate blood flow into the capillaries Signup and view all the answers

What is the largest artery in the body?

Aorta Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is released by the hypothalamus and causes kidneys to reabsorb water?

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the kidneys in long-term blood pressure regulation?

To regulate blood volume Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a condition where the blood pressure is too low due to blood loss, vomiting, or diarrhea?

Hypovolemic shock Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an indirect mechanism of blood pressure regulation by the kidneys?

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the condition where the blood pressure is too high?

Hypertension Signup and view all the answers

What is the branch point of the brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, and left subclavian artery?

Aortic arch Signup and view all the answers