Blood Vessels: Arteries and Veins

Blood Vessels

• Arteries: Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body
  • Elastic arteries: Large, stretchy arteries that store energy from the heart's contractions
  • Muscular arteries: Medium-sized arteries that help regulate blood pressure
  • Arterioles: Small arteries that lead to capillaries
• Veins: Carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart
  • Venules: Small veins that merge to form larger veins
  • Large veins: Return blood to the heart
• Capillaries: Tiny vessels where oxygen and nutrients are exchanged for waste products

Blood Circulation

• Pulmonary circulation: Blood flows from the heart to the lungs, picks up oxygen, and returns to the heart
• Systemic circulation: Blood flows from the heart to the rest of the body, delivers oxygen and nutrients, and returns to the heart
• Cardiac output: The heart's ability to pump blood efficiently

Heart Structure

• Myocardium: The heart muscle itself
• Endocardium: The inner lining of the heart
• Epicardium: The outer lining of the heart
• Septum: The wall separating the left and right sides of the heart
• Valves: Ensure one-way blood flow through the heart
  • Atrioventricular valves: Separate the atria from the ventricles
  • Semilunar valves: Separate the ventricles from the pulmonary artery and aorta

Blood Pressure

• Systolic pressure: The highest pressure in the arteries during heart contractions
• Diastolic pressure: The lowest pressure in the arteries between heart contractions
• Hypertension: High blood pressure, a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease
• Hypotension: Low blood pressure, can cause dizziness and fainting

Human Digestive System (relation to cardiovascular system)

• Absorption of nutrients: The digestive system absorbs nutrients, which are then transported through the bloodstream to the heart and other organs
• Blood flow to digestive organs: The cardiovascular system supplies oxygen and nutrients to the digestive organs, supporting digestion and absorption

Blood Vessels

• Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body
• Elastic arteries are large, stretchy, and store energy from the heart's contractions
• Muscular arteries are medium-sized and help regulate blood pressure
• Arterioles are small arteries that lead to capillaries
• Veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart
• Venules are small veins that merge to form larger veins
• Large veins return blood to the heart
• Capillaries are tiny vessels where oxygen and nutrients are exchanged for waste products

Blood Circulation

• Pulmonary circulation involves blood flowing from the heart to the lungs, picking up oxygen, and returning to the heart
• Systemic circulation involves blood flowing from the heart to the rest of the body, delivering oxygen and nutrients, and returning to the heart
• Cardiac output refers to the heart's ability to pump blood efficiently

Heart Structure

• The myocardium is the heart muscle itself
• The endocardium is the inner lining of the heart
• The epicardium is the outer lining of the heart
• The septum is the wall separating the left and right sides of the heart
• Valves ensure one-way blood flow through the heart
• Atrioventricular valves separate the atria from the ventricles
• Semilunar valves separate the ventricles from the pulmonary artery and aorta

Blood Pressure

• Systolic pressure is the highest pressure in the arteries during heart contractions
• Diastolic pressure is the lowest pressure in the arteries between heart contractions
• Hypertension is high blood pressure, a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease
• Hypotension is low blood pressure, which can cause dizziness and fainting

Relation to Digestive System

• The digestive system absorbs nutrients, which are then transported through the bloodstream to the heart and other organs
• The cardiovascular system supplies oxygen and nutrients to the digestive organs, supporting digestion and absorption