Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure Regulation

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Which layer of blood vessels has a poorly developed middle layer compared to arteries?

Capillaries

Arteries

Venules

Veins (correct)

What is the main function of arterioles in the cardiovascular system?

Exchange sites for substances

Blood reservoirs

Pressure reservoirs

Resistance vessels that control distribution (correct)

How is blood pressure defined?

The maximum pressure during ventricular contraction

The difference between systolic and diastolic pressures

The force that blood exerts against the inner walls of blood vessels (correct)

The pulse felt in the arteries during systole

What is the difference in the range of systolic and diastolic pressures in healthy individuals?

$10-20$ mmHg Signup and view all the answers

Which type of blood vessel allows for the exchange of substances between the blood and tissues?

Capillaries Signup and view all the answers

In which blood vessel is the pressure highest according to the text?

Arteries Signup and view all the answers

What type of pressure is felt as a throbbing pulsation in an artery?

Pulse pressure Signup and view all the answers

Which blood vessel is described as a resistance vessel in the text?

Arterioles Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

MAP = Diastolic pressure + 1/3 (pulse pressure) Signup and view all the answers

How is systolic pressure measured using indirect blood pressure measurement?

The cuff pressure is gradually reduced until the first soft tapping sounds are heard Signup and view all the answers

How does the respiratory 'pump' aid in venous blood return?

By directing blood toward the heart as the chest pressure decreases during inhalation Signup and view all the answers

What happens when sympathetic activity constricts veins?

Venous return increases Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of baroreceptors in regulating blood pressure?

Sense changes in arterial pressure and stretch Signup and view all the answers

How does the cardioinhibitor reflex affect blood pressure?

It decreases heart rate and cardiac output Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of orthostatic hypotension?

Leads to pooling of blood in the lower extremities upon standing up Signup and view all the answers

What may happen if there is a decrease in venous return?

Decrease in blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

Which system is responsible for the rapid control of arterial pressure?

Baroreceptor & Chemoreceptor mediated system Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a sign of hypertension?

Systolic pressure consistently over 140 mm Hg or diastolic pressure chronically over 90 mm Hg Signup and view all the answers

What happens if blood pressure falls too low?

Blood flow and oxygen supply to the brain are impaired Signup and view all the answers

What happens in uncontrolled hypertension?

The left ventricle works harder to pump sufficient blood and the myocardium thickens Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is involved in the regulation of fluid and electrolyte excretion by kidneys?

Vasopressin Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the baroreceptor reflex?

Decrease in blood pressure upon standing Signup and view all the answers

What is long-term control of arterial pressure regulated by?

Homeostasis of body fluid volume & electrolyte Signup and view all the answers

What may be a cause of secondary hypertension?

Kidney disease Signup and view all the answers