Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure Regulation

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Questions and Answers

Which layer of blood vessels has a poorly developed middle layer compared to arteries?

  • Capillaries
  • Arteries
  • Venules
  • Veins (correct)

What is the main function of arterioles in the cardiovascular system?

  • Exchange sites for substances
  • Blood reservoirs
  • Pressure reservoirs
  • Resistance vessels that control distribution (correct)

How is blood pressure defined?

  • The maximum pressure during ventricular contraction
  • The difference between systolic and diastolic pressures
  • The force that blood exerts against the inner walls of blood vessels (correct)
  • The pulse felt in the arteries during systole

What is the difference in the range of systolic and diastolic pressures in healthy individuals?

<p>$10-20$ mmHg (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of blood vessel allows for the exchange of substances between the blood and tissues?

<p>Capillaries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which blood vessel is the pressure highest according to the text?

<p>Arteries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of pressure is felt as a throbbing pulsation in an artery?

<p>Pulse pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which blood vessel is described as a resistance vessel in the text?

<p>Arterioles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

<p>MAP = Diastolic pressure + 1/3 (pulse pressure) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is systolic pressure measured using indirect blood pressure measurement?

<p>The cuff pressure is gradually reduced until the first soft tapping sounds are heard (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the respiratory 'pump' aid in venous blood return?

<p>By directing blood toward the heart as the chest pressure decreases during inhalation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when sympathetic activity constricts veins?

<p>Venous return increases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of baroreceptors in regulating blood pressure?

<p>Sense changes in arterial pressure and stretch (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the cardioinhibitor reflex affect blood pressure?

<p>It decreases heart rate and cardiac output (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of orthostatic hypotension?

<p>Leads to pooling of blood in the lower extremities upon standing up (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What may happen if there is a decrease in venous return?

<p>Decrease in blood pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which system is responsible for the rapid control of arterial pressure?

<p>Baroreceptor &amp; Chemoreceptor mediated system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a sign of hypertension?

<p>Systolic pressure consistently over 140 mm Hg or diastolic pressure chronically over 90 mm Hg (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if blood pressure falls too low?

<p>Blood flow and oxygen supply to the brain are impaired (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens in uncontrolled hypertension?

<p>The left ventricle works harder to pump sufficient blood and the myocardium thickens (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is involved in the regulation of fluid and electrolyte excretion by kidneys?

<p>Vasopressin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the baroreceptor reflex?

<p>Decrease in blood pressure upon standing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is long-term control of arterial pressure regulated by?

<p>Homeostasis of body fluid volume &amp; electrolyte (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What may be a cause of secondary hypertension?

<p>Kidney disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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