Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the required enzyme for the normal structure of the T receptor in the Tk polyagglutination?
What is the required enzyme for the normal structure of the T receptor in the Tk polyagglutination?
Which of the following is NOT a requirement for autologous donation in predeposit autologous donation (AD)?
Which of the following is NOT a requirement for autologous donation in predeposit autologous donation (AD)?
What is the function of acetic anhydride in relation to the Tn polyagglutination?
What is the function of acetic anhydride in relation to the Tn polyagglutination?
Which of the following plants is positive for the Tk antigen?
Which of the following plants is positive for the Tk antigen?
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What is the characteristic of the Cad antigen?
What is the characteristic of the Cad antigen?
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Which of the following is an example of acquired non-microbially associated polyagglutination?
Which of the following is an example of acquired non-microbially associated polyagglutination?
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What is the name of the receptor related to the Tn polyagglutination?
What is the name of the receptor related to the Tn polyagglutination?
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Which of the following is related to the HEMPAS/CDA II?
Which of the following is related to the HEMPAS/CDA II?
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What is the function of the microbial fucosidase in relation to the VA polyagglutination?
What is the function of the microbial fucosidase in relation to the VA polyagglutination?
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Which of the following is an example of inherited polyagglutination?
Which of the following is an example of inherited polyagglutination?
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Study Notes
Leukocyte Depletion Filter
- Speed of infusion: 15gtts = 1mL, 60gtts = 1min, 1min = 4mL, 1hr = 240mL, Rate = 240mL/hr
- 1 unit must be completed within 4hrs of blood transfusion
Polyagglutination
- Also known as Hubener-Thomsen-Fridenrich Phenomenon
- Cryptantigens (Hidden Ag9s) are covered with N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA) or sialic acid
- When NANA is destroyed (by neuraminidase), Ag9s are exposed
- Exposed Ag9s react with tetrasaccharide of Thomas & Winzler (T receptor)
Microbially-Associated Polyagglutination
- Caused by bacteria that produce neuraminidase:
- C.perfringens
- V.cholerae
- S.pneumoniae
- E.coli
- Proteus sp.
ABO Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn (ABO HDN)
- Mother: Group O
- Child: Group A or B
Group I Discrepancies
- Weak reacting/missing Ab9s
- Occurs in:
- Newborns
- Elderly patients
- Hypogammaglobulinemia/agammaglobulinemia
Group II Discrepancies
- Weak reacting/missing Ag9s (less frequent)
- Occurs in:
- Leukemia
- Acquired B phenomenon
- Subgroups of A
- Hodgkin's disease
- BGSS (Remedy: Wash RBCs)
Group III Discrepancies
- Plasma abnormalities resulting in Rouleaux formation (Plasma factor)
- Caused by:
- ñ globulins: MM, WM, HL
- ñ fibrinogen
- Dextran and PVP
- Wharton's jelly (Remedy: Wash cord cells 6-8x)
Group IV Discrepancies
- Miscellaneous:
- Polyagglutination
- Anti-I (cold agglutinin)
- Cis > E > C > e (Least immunogenic)
Rh Blood Group System
- R or r
- D or d
- 1 or 8
- Ce
- 2 or 89
- cE
- Z or y
- CE
- G: D+C+ red cell
- Rh: 13, 14, 15, 16 (4 different parts of the D mosaic)
Weak D
- Genetic weak D: D Ag9s expressed appear complete but few in number
- D Mosaic (Partial D): if one or more parts of D Ag is missing → weakened expression of D Ag
- May produce anti-D (Ab against missing fragment)
Other
- C Trans: D ---(trans)---> C (Ex. Produce weaker neuraminidase)
- Tx: Bacterial and viral, unknown mechanism
- Tk: N-acetyl + galactosamine, Galactosamine = Group B
- Remedy: Add acetic anhydride
- VA: Vienna, Virginia, Microbial fucosidase = òfucose = òH
- Acquired Non-Microbially Associated Polyagglutination:
- Tn: (-) β-3-D-galactosyltransferase enzyme needed for the normal structure of T receptor (Tetrasaccharide of Thomas and Winzler)
- Inherited Polyagglutination:
- Cad: ñSd a
- HEPAS/CDA II: ñAdult i Ag = òH Ag, òSialic acid
- Others: HbM – Hyde Park, NOR = Norfolk, Virginia
Autologous Donation
- Predeposit AD: Before anticipated transfusion
- Requirements:
- No age limit
- No strict weight requirement (òvol)
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Description
This quiz covers the concepts of leukocyte depletion filters, speed of infusion, and polyagglutination phenomenon in blood transfusion. It also touches on cryptantigens and their hiding mechanisms.
