L3 CNS Blood Supply

<p>Anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By the fusion of right and left vertebral arteries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To shunt blood flow from one side to another in case of blockage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Posterior cerebral artery (PCA) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Right vertebral artery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anterior choroidal artery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Superior cerebellar artery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Supplied by the posterior spinal arteries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unilateral Horner’s syndrome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Posterior communicating arteries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pontine arteries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bilateral loss of muscle coordination (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Superior cerebellar arteries (SCA) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Loss of motor function and sensations of pain and temperature (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cranial nerve 3 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Posterior 1/3 of the spinal cord (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Straight sinus (B), Superior sagittal sinus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Compression of cranial nerves causing dysfunction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It participates in draining the brain's venous system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fine touch and proprioception (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can be compressed by aneurysms at key locations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contralateral loss of vibration and position sense (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Descending spinal tract of CN V (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Infarct of paramedian branches of the anterior spinal or vertebral artery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Brainstem (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contralateral sensory loss (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deviation towards the unaffected side (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sensory loss from the face (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pain and temperature (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To connect cerebral veins to the superior sagittal sinus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Due to possible tearing from sudden changes in head velocity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their symptoms typically manifest after a delay (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The dura mater and arachnoid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can be damaged during sudden head movements (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cerebral veins drain into the superior sagittal sinus after penetrating the arachnoid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased intracranial pressure leading to brain herniation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bleeding that develops between the dura mater and arachnoid layer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It drains deep cerebral veins into the transverse sinus. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deep middle cerebral vein (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thalamostriate vein (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Multiple Sclerosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Draining orbital frontal cortex and insula (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Loss of some sensory information, particularly for pain and temperature (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both the DC-ML and STT pathways (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contralateral loss of sensation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hoarseness, difficulty swallowing, and loss of gag reflex (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contralateral sensory loss affecting both body and face (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cranial nerves III-XII (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Loss of pain and temperature sensation from the face (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alternating syndrome with altered sensory perception (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Connects the left and right anterior cerebral arteries. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lateral surface of the frontal lobe. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To connect the anterior and posterior cerebral circulations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anterior choroidal artery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provides blood flow to areas outside the Circle of Willis. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Laterally into the lateral sulcus. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Posterior cerebral artery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Loss of motor function and pain sensation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cranial nerve 3 palsy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Loss of proprioception and fine touch (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dural venous sinuses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Posterior spinal artery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The brain's surface to the venous sinuses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Supplies blood to the anterior two-thirds of the spinal cord (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Compression of cranial nerves causing dysfunction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ventral spinal cord (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wallenberg's Syndrome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypothalamo-spinal tract (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pontine arteries (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Posterior communicating arteries (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Posterior spinal artery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Superior cerebellum and rostral pons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>34 percent (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Primary motor and sensory for lower limb (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Supply the eyeball and retina (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Posterior Cerebral Artery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Basal ganglia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Middle Cerebral Artery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anterior Choroidal Artery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Primary motor for lower limb (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cerebellum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Middle Cerebral Artery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lenticulostriate arteries (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Upper limb and face (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of a single anterior communicating artery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A network of interconnected arteries at the base of the brain that ensures continuous blood flow even if one artery is blocked.

The internal carotid artery (ICA) branches into two main arteries: the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) and the middle cerebral artery (MCA).

The posterior circulation of the brain is supplied by the vertebral arteries (VA) which join to form the basilar artery (BA).

Small arteries that branch off larger arteries and supply deep brain structures.

The anterior choroidal artery is the first perforating branch that emerges from the internal carotid artery.

Two vertebral arteries merge to form the basilar artery, situated in the groove of the pons.

The basilar artery supplies blood to the pons, midbrain, and cerebellum.

The anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) supplies blood to the anterior inferior cerebellum, flocculus, and caudal pons.

The posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) supplies blood to the medial inferior cerebellum, 4th ventricle choroid plexus, and lateral medulla.

The superior cerebellar artery (SCA) supplies blood to the superior cerebellum, rostral pons, and caudal midbrain.

The anterior spinal arteries are responsible for supplying blood to the ventral (front) portion of the spinal cord.

The posterior inferior cerebellar arteries (PICAs) provide blood to the inferior (bottom) and medial (middle) parts of the cerebellum, the choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle, and the lateral part of the medulla.

The posterior spinal arteries supply blood to the dorsal (back) portion of the medulla and spinal cord, and can also branch from the PICA.

The anterior inferior cerebellar arteries (AICAs) deliver blood to the anterior and inferior regions of the cerebellum, the flocculus (a small part of the cerebellum), and the caudal (lower) part of the pons.

The pontine arteries are responsible for supplying blood to the pons (part of the brainstem) and midbrain, with many branches.

The superior cerebellar arteries (SCAs) supply the superior (top) cerebellum, the rostral (front) part of the pons, and the caudal (lower) part of the midbrain.

Lateral medullary syndrome (Wallenberg's syndrome) is caused by a stroke affecting the PICA, leading to a specific set of symptoms on one side of the body.

Wallenberg's syndrome features include ipsilateral (same side) loss of pain and temperature sensation in the face, contralateral (opposite side) loss of pain and temperature sensation in the body, and unilateral Horner's syndrome affecting the same side's eye.

The anterior spinal artery (ASA) supplies the front two-thirds of the spinal cord, while the posterior spinal arteries (PSAs) supply the back third.

Damage to the anterior spinal artery (ASA) can lead to problems with motor function, as well as the ability to sense pain and temperature.

Damage to the posterior spinal arteries (PSAs) can lead to loss of fine touch and proprioception. This means the body's awareness of position and movement can be impaired.

The major venous channels within the brain called dural sinuses are responsible for draining blood from the brain.

The superior sagittal sinus, inferior sagittal sinus, straight sinus, and cavernous sinuses are major dural sinuses. They drain blood from the brain into the internal jugular veins.

Dural venous sinuses drain blood from the brain and ultimately into the internal jugular veins.

Aneurysms, which are bulges in arteries, can occur near cranial nerves, potentially compressing them and causing dysfunction.

Cranial nerve 3 palsy, characterized by the eye being 'down and out' at rest, can result from a posterior communicating artery aneurysm affecting the oculomotor nerve.

A short unpaired vein connecting internal cerebral veins, also known as basal veins, with the straight sinus.

A large venous sinus that runs along the midline of the superior surface of the brain.

Veins that travel through the subarachnoid space and drain into the superior sagittal sinus.

The point where cerebral veins pass through the arachnoid membrane to enter the superior sagittal sinus.

A type of bleeding that occurs between the dura mater and arachnoid membranes, typically caused by a torn bridging vein.

Shearing forces, caused by sudden changes in head velocity, can tear bridging veins.

A subdural hematoma typically develops gradually due to the slow venous bleeding.

Subdural hematomas are commonly caused by car accidents.

A neurological condition characterized by loss or decrease in vibration and position sense on one side of the body and weakness or paralysis on the same side of the body, often due to a stroke affecting the medial medulla.

A specific type of stroke that affects the paramedian branches of the anterior spinal or vertebral artery, leading to medial medullary syndrome.

The pathway responsible for carrying information about pain and temperature from the body to the brain. It crosses over in the spinal cord, meaning the left STT carries information from the right side of the body and vice versa.

The pathway carrying information about touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception (position sense). It crosses over in the medulla, meaning the left DC-ML carries information from the right side of the body and vice versa.

A neurological symptom where a lesion affects both the STT and the descending spinal tract of the Trigeminal nerve (CN V), resulting in loss of pain and temperature sensation on one side of the body and the face.

The descending pathway for the motor control of the face, specifically the muscles of mastication (chewing). Lesions can result in ipsilateral (same side) weakness or paralysis of the facial muscles.

The brainstem, located between the cerebrum and the spinal cord, contains crucial pathways for sensory and motor information, including the STT, DC-ML, and cranial nerve nuclei. Lesions in this area can cause a variety of neurological deficits, including loss of sensation and motor function.

A neurological syndrome characterized by ipsilateral (same side) tongue weakness with deviation of the tongue towards the side of the lesion, often caused by a brainstem lesion affecting the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII).

The anterior cerebral arteries (ACA) travel medially along the corpus callosum, supplying most of the medial and some of the superior surfaces of the frontal and parietal lobes.

The middle cerebral arteries (MCA) travel laterally into the lateral sulcus, supplying the lateral surfaces of the frontal and temporal lobes. They also supply some of the parietal lobe.

The posterior cerebral arteries (PCA) are the terminal branches of the basilar artery, supplying the medial and inferior surfaces of the occipital and temporal lobes.

The anterior communicating artery connects the left and right anterior cerebral arteries, forming a critical connection in the Circle of Willis.

The posterior communicating arteries connect the middle cerebral arteries (MCA) to the posterior cerebral arteries (PCA), but under normal circumstances, their flow is minimal.

The lenticulostriate arteries are branches off the middle cerebral arteries that supply structures deep in the brain, like the basal ganglia.

The anterior choroidal arteries supply structures like the thalamus and internal capsule, crucial for relaying information.

The anterior spinal artery, anterior inferior cerebellar artery, posterior inferior cerebellar artery, and superior cerebellar artery provide blood supply to various parts of the brainstem and cerebellum.

The anterior spinal artery supplies blood to the ventral (front) portion of the spinal cord.

The posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) supplies blood to the medial inferior cerebellum, the 4th ventricle choroid plexus, and the lateral medulla.

The superior cerebellar artery (SCA) supplies blood to the superior cerebellum, the rostral pons, and the caudal midbrain.

The anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) supplies blood to the anterior inferior cerebellum, the flocculus, and the caudal pons.

The Circle of Willis is a network of arteries at the base of the brain that connects the anterior and posterior circulation. It ensures continuous blood flow to the brain even if one artery is blocked.

The internal carotid artery (ICA) is the major blood vessel supplying the anterior circulation of the brain. It branches into the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) and the middle cerebral artery (MCA).

The anterior cerebral artery (ACA) supplies blood to the medial (middle) and superior (top) parts of the frontal and parietal lobes, as well as the hippocampus and some midline thalamus.

The middle cerebral artery (MCA) supplies blood to the lateral (side) parts of the frontal and parietal lobes, the temporal lobe, as well as key areas for motor and sensory function.

The posterior cerebral artery (PCA) is a major artery supplying the posterior circulation of the brain. It provides blood to the occipital lobes (vision), parts of the temporal lobes, and thalamus.

The anterior choroidal artery (AChA) is a small but important artery that supplies blood to deep structures in the brain, including the basal ganglia, thalamus, and hippocampus.

Perforating arteries are small branches that emerge from larger arteries and supply blood to deep structures within the brain.

Lenticulostriate arteries are a group of perforating arteries that emerge from the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and supply blood to the basal ganglia and internal capsule.

The recurrent artery of Heubner is a perforating artery that arises from the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) and supplies blood to the anterior part of the basal ganglia and internal capsule.

The anterior spinal artery (ASA) supplies blood to the anterior (front) part of the spinal cord.

The posterior spinal arteries (PSAs) supply blood to the posterior (back) region of the spinal cord.

The posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) supplies blood to the inferior (bottom) and medial (middle) parts of the cerebellum, the choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle, and the lateral part of the medulla.

The anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) supplies blood to the anterior (front) and inferior (bottom) parts of the cerebellum, the flocculus (a small part of the cerebellum), and the caudal (lower) part of the pons.

The superior cerebellar artery (SCA) supplies blood to the superior (top) part of the cerebellum, the rostral (front) part of the pons, and the caudal (lower) part of the midbrain.

The basilar artery is formed by the fusion of the two vertebral arteries and supplies blood to the brainstem structures, including the pons, midbrain, and cerebellum.

The anterior spinal artery (ASA) supplies blood to the anterior 2/3 of the spinal cord, while the posterior spinal arteries (PSA) supply the posterior 1/3.

Damage to the ASA can lead to loss of motor function, pain, and temperature sensation to the body wall.

Damage to the PSA leads to loss of fine touch and proprioception, the body's awareness of position and movement.

These veins are responsible for draining blood from the deep structures of the brain, including the thalamus, caudate nucleus, and basal ganglia.

These are small, short veins that drain into the deep cerebral veins. They play a vital role in the drainage of the brain and help to maintain proper blood flow.