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Questions and Answers
What is the blood supply to the anterior pituitary gland?
Which structure covers the hypophysis?
Which nerve is at the middle surface of the thyroid gland?
From which blood vessel does the inferior thyroid artery arise?
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Which nerve is at most risk of injury during a thyroidectomy?
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From which blood vessel does the superior thyroid artery arise?
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Into which vessel does the inferior thyroid vein drain?
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What is the blood supply to the posterior pituitary gland?
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What is the cause of Goiter?
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What is the condition that would result from congenital hypothyroidism?
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What would happen if the parathyroid gland is overactive?
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Which vessel should be careful of when performing an adrenal gland surgery at the level of 11-12 rib?
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What is the shape of the right adrenal gland?
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Where does the left adrenal vein drain into?
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Study Notes
Blood Supply of Pituitary Gland
- Anterior Pituitary:
- Arterial supply: Superior hypophyseal artery
- Venous drainage: Hypophyseal vein → Internal jugular vein
- Posterior Pituitary:
- Arterial supply: Inferior hypophyseal artery
- Venous drainage: Hypophyseal vein
- Hypothalamic hypophyseal tract is involved
Thyroid Gland
- Blood supply:
- Superior thyroid artery (anterior) → External carotid artery
- Inferior thyroid artery (posterior) → Thyrocervical trunk → Right subclavian artery
- Venous drainage:
- Superior and middle thyroid veins → Internal jugular vein
- Inferior thyroid vein → Brachiocephalic vein
- Nerves associated with thyroid gland:
- External laryngeal nerve
- Recurrent laryngeal nerve
- Muscles that may be cut during anterior approach:
- Sternothyroid muscle
- Omohyoid muscle
- Sternohyoid muscle
Thyroidectomy and Associated Risks
- Nerves at risk of injury during thyroidectomy:
- External laryngeal nerve (superficial)
- Recurrent laryngeal nerve (internal)
Pancreas and Parathyroid Gland
- Pancreas location: Retroperitoneal
- Causes of Goiter: Iodine deficient diet, poor production of T3 and T4
- Congenital hypothyroidism leads to: Cretinism
- Disease caused by excessive T3 and T4 production: Graves' disease
- Overactive parathyroid gland effects:
- Increased calcium levels
- Bone resorption leading to osteoporosis
- Calcium deposition in kidneys and arteries
Thyroglossal Cyst
- Location: Midline anterior neck
- Formation: Fluid accumulation in remnant of thyroglossal duct connecting thyroid gland and foramen caecum of tongue
Adrenal Glands
- Vessel to be careful of during adrenal gland surgery: IVC (at level of 11-12 rib)
- Arterial supply:
- Middle adrenal artery: Abdominal aorta
- Superior adrenal artery: Inferior phrenic artery
- Inferior adrenal artery: Renal artery
- Venous drainage:
- Right adrenal vein: IVC
- Left adrenal vein: Left renal vein
- Shape of adrenal glands:
- Right: Pyramidal
- Left: Semilunar
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Description
This quiz covers the blood supply of the pituitary gland, including the anterior and posterior pituitary, and the surrounding structures. Test your knowledge of the arteries and veins involved.
