25 Questions
What is the main component of plasma?
Water
What is the term for the layer of white blood cells in a centrifuged blood sample?
Buffy coat
What is the term for the solid components of blood?
Formed elements
What is the process by which a blood sample is separated into its components?
Centrifugation
What is the term for the liquid part of blood after clotting?
Serum
What is the typical pressure at the junction of the venae cavae with the right atrium?
0 mmHg
What is the effect of sympathetic nerve activity on blood vessels?
Decreases compliance and diameter
What happens to the diameter of blood vessels when smooth muscle contracts?
It decreases
What is the result of increased sympathetic nerve activity on blood vessels?
Decreased blood flow and increased pressure
What is the effect of reducing compliance in blood vessels?
Decreases blood flow and increases pressure
What is the term for the difference in colloid osmotic pressure between blood plasma and interstitial fluid?
Oncotic pressure
What is the colloid osmotic pressure of interstitial fluid?
0 mmHg
What is the significance of the oncotic pressure in the body?
It prevents the loss of fluid from the bloodstream
Which of the following is a result of the colloid osmotic pressure difference between blood plasma and interstitial fluid?
Fluid moves from the tissues into the bloodstream
What would happen if the oncotic pressure of blood plasma were to decrease?
Fluid would move from the bloodstream into the tissues
What happens when the pressure in ventricles falls below that of atria?
The AV valve opens.
What is the primary purpose of atrial contraction?
To send the last of the blood to the ventricles.
During which phase of the cardiac cycle does the AV valve open?
Rapid filling.
What happens to the pressure in the ventricles during rapid filling?
It decreases below that of the atria.
What is the consequence of the AV valve opening during rapid filling?
The ventricles fill with blood.
What is the number of chains in a Hemoglobin molecule?
4
What type of molecule is bound to each Globin chain?
Heme
What element is contained in the heme molecule?
Iron
What is the function of the Iron group in heme?
To combine with oxygen
What is the name of the molecule formed by the combination of Globin chains and heme molecules?
Hemoglobin
Study Notes
Blood Composition
- Blood is composed of plasma and formed elements
- Formed elements include red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
Plasma
- Plasma is the fluid part of blood consisting of water and dissolved solutes
- Plasma proteins include globins, which are bound to heme, a red-pigmented molecule containing iron
- Iron group of heme combines with oxygen
Blood Pressure
- Lowest pressure at the junction of the venae cavae with the right atrium is 0 mmHg
- Rapid filling of ventricles occurs when pressure in ventricles falls below that of atria, and AV valve opens
- Atria contraction sends the last of blood to ventricles
Oncotic Pressure
- Blood plasma has a higher colloid osmotic pressure (25 mmHg) than interstitial fluid (0 mmHg)
- This difference is called oncotic pressure
Smooth Muscle Contraction
- Sympathetic nerve activity stimulates smooth muscle contraction
- Smooth muscle contraction reduces compliance (making the diameter smaller)
This quiz covers the different components of a centrifuged blood sample, including plasma, platelets, formed elements, and white blood cells. Learn about the 'buffy coat' and the structure of blood.
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