27 Questions
Which substance is excreted by the kidneys in urine?
All of the above
What is the function of renin in the body?
Regulating blood pressure
Where are the adrenal glands located in relation to the kidneys?
On top of each kidney
Which layer of the kidney prevents infections in surrounding regions from spreading to the kidney?
Fibrous capsule
Which region of the kidney collects urine and drains it into the renal pelvis?
Renal calyces
What is the function of the smooth muscle in the walls of the calyces, pelvis, and ureter?
To propel urine by peristalsis
Which blood vessels supply the cortical tissue of the kidney?
Cortical radiate arteries
Which hormone is released by the granular cells of the juxtaglomerular complex in response to low blood pressure?
Renin
Which segment of the renal tubule reabsorbs all of the glucose and amino acids in the filtrate?
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)
Which part of the nephron loop is permeable to water?
Descending limb
Which hormone inhibits diuresis, or urine output?
Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH)
Which part of the renal tubule is responsible for reabsorbing most of the water, salt, and other components from the filtrate?
Proximal convoluted tubule
What is the main function of the glomerulus?
Filtration
Which type of nephron plays an important role in the kidneys' ability to produce concentrated urine?
Juxtamedullary nephron
Which process in urine formation involves selectively moving substances from the blood into the filtrate?
Tubular secretion
Which two types of controls serve different needs in the regulation of glomerular filtration?
Intrinsic controls and extrinsic controls
Which mechanism reflects the property of vascular smooth muscle that contracts when stretched and relaxes when not stretched?
Myogenic mechanism
Which cells in the juxtaglomerular complex respond to filtrate NaCl concentration and regulate the flow-dependent tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism?
Macula densa cells
What happens to the NFP and GFR when there is a drop in blood flow due to the flow-dependent tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism?
NFP and GFR decrease
Which hormone increases the permeability of the principal cells of the collecting ducts to water?
ADH
Which hormone decreases the secretion of ADH by the posterior pituitary?
ANP
Which hormone increases the reabsorption of calcium?
PTH
Which process moves selected substances from the peritubular capillaries through the tubule cells into the filtrate?
Secretion
Which of the following is true about glomerular filtration in the kidneys?
It is primarily regulated by the diameter of the afferent arteriole
What is the main force that pushes water and solutes out of the blood and across the filtration membrane in glomerular filtration?
Hydrostatic pressure in the glomerular capillaries
What factors determine the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?
Net filtration pressure, total surface area available for filtration, and filtration membrane permeability
Why is the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) tightly regulated?
To regulate blood pressure
Test your knowledge on the role of norepinephrine and epinephrine in regulating blood pressure and the impact of afferent arteriole constriction on glomerular filtration rate.
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