Lymphatic system

<p>Formed elements (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>RBC maturation defect (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Liver (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antibodies produced by lymphocytes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dehydration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Working in a paint factory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Some blood disorders are hereditary (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fatigue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Poor oxygenation of red blood cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coagulation test (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To assess blood clotting times (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can cause folic acid-deficiency anemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Purpura, ecchymoses, petechiae (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>What is your usual diet? (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fever and inflammation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shortness of breath (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Complete blood count (CBC) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It may uncover potential exposures affecting health (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Jaundice (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypoxia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neck, axillary, or groin swelling (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transporting oxygen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamin B12 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>120 days (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Malaria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Excess bilirubin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neutrophils (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eosinophils (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Produce antibodies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Damage to a blood vessel or surrounding tissues outside the blood (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Producing red blood cells in adults (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thymus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Petechiae (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hemostasis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>150,000-450,000/mm3 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cervical, axillary, and inguinal regions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Destroying microbes that penetrate the epithelium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased platelets (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spleen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eosinophils (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>T cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamin B12 absorption (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heparin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inactivates excess thrombin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Preventing backflow of lymph (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Liver (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Type O (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Left subclavian vein (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hemolysis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Limiting visitors and unnecessary interruptions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Joint pain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamin B12 injections (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To enhance the absorption of iron (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Use a drinking straw (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Foods from each food group (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Notify the healthcare provider (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Using a soft toothbrush (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To avoid staining of the injection site (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1 hour before or 2 hours after meals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Consulting a dietitian for diet instruction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A worsening of an infection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sternum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increase in lymphocyte count (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lymphangiography (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased dosage of anticoagulants is needed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Segs ↑ Bands ↑ Lymphocytes ↓ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Factor VII (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Act as fully mature fighters against infection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Create a small incision to avoid skin plug contamination (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Platelet disorder (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Radius (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Factor VII (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To evaluate enlarged lymph nodes for infection or malignancy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Capillary fragility test (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coordinate between lab and healthcare provider (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To minimize the risk of antigen sensitization and certain viral transmissions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent potentially harmful particles from entering the patient (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Packed red blood cells (RBCs) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Febrile reaction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Normal saline solution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Autologous transfusion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>No longer than 4 hours (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fresh frozen plasma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hive-like rash (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent hypothermia and heart arrhythmias (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stop the transfusion and notify the Healthcare Provider (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To treat hypovolemia caused by hypoalbuminemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent and quickly respond to potential complications (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Filter for harmful particles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can be stored for up to 42 days (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Citrus, strawberries, and broccoli (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamin B12 and folate deficiency (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Assists in DNA, RBC synthesis, and neurological function (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metformin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formation of DNA and heme (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Numbness of the hands or feet (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Serum iron, ferritin, and TIBC measurements (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Folate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Consuming 400 mcg of folate daily (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plan care to conserve energy after activity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Large RBCs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spoon-shaped nails (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chicken (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Weight-loss surgery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To enhance iron absorption (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stop the transfusion immediately (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oliguria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mechanical ventilation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>TACO is characterized by frothy sputum; TRALI is not (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transfusion of incompatible blood (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent reactions to donor immunoglobulins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>12 to 72 hours post-transfusion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Give diuretics to reduce fluid overload (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dyspnea (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Keep open with normal saline using a new tubing set (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Screen donor plasma for anti-leukocyte antibodies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Disseminated intravascular coagulation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Severe gastrointestinal cramping (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypotension with fever above 100.4°F (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Older and debilitated patients (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It conducts immune responses through B cells and T cells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Extrinsic pathway (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Poor oxygenation symptoms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intrinsic factor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They house lymphocytes and macrophages for immune responses. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hemolytic crisis when consuming fava beans or certain drugs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Iron, vitamin B12, and folate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the mediastinum, anterior to the trachea (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shortness of breath (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Involved in hemostasis mechanisms like clotting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aplastic anemia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood is deficient in RBCs or hemoglobin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monitor for any immediate reactions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Using one-way valves (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The network that includes bone marrow, blood, and its components.

Transport of substances, regulation of temperature, pH, fluid balance, and immune cell transport.

Plasma is about 91% water and contains proteins like albumin and globulins for transport and clotting.

Cells that carry oxygen; increased levels indicate polycythemia, decreased indicate anemia.

The percentage of blood volume made up by red blood cells; increased in dehydration.

The protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen; abnormal levels indicate possible anemia.

Cells involved in immune response; increased levels indicate leukocytosis, decreased indicate leukopenia.

Proteins in plasma like clotting factors, albumin, and globulins; synthesized by the liver.

Normal white blood cell count is between 4,500–11,000/mm3.

Neutrophils fight bacterial infections and inflammation.

Eosinophils increase during allergic reactions and certain leukemias.

Basophils release heparin and histamine during allergic reactions.

Lymphocytes are increased in viral infections and some leukemias.

Monocytes increase in chronic inflammation and eventually become macrophages.

Normal platelet count ranges from 150,000–450,000/mm3.

Increased platelet count is known as thrombocytosis.

Decreased platelet count is known as thrombocytopenia.

Hemoglobin binds oxygen in RBCs and gives blood its color.

Erythropoietin stimulates RBC production in response to low oxygen levels.

Intrinsic factor helps absorb vitamin B12 in the intestine.

Blood types are determined by antigens on RBCs and include ABO and Rh factor.

Jaundice is a yellowing of the skin due to high bilirubin levels.

A method for collecting symptom data from patients.

Review of health conditions in blood relatives.

Assessment of a patient's usual diet.

Amount of alcohol consumed by a patient.

Review of a patient's work history.

A common symptom associated with anemia and cancers.

Symptoms indicating potential clotting disorders.

Dyspnea due to reduced red blood cell count.

Swollen lymph nodes indicating potential disorders.

Measurements that can indicate hematologic issues.

Tests assessing blood clotting function.

A measure of blood coagulation effectiveness.

White blood cells that fight infections.

Can involve vague signs like dyspnea or fatigue.

Collection of measurable data during examination.

The pathway triggered by damage to blood vessels or surrounding tissues, initiating coagulation.

The pathway initiated when platelets adhere to damaged endothelium and release clotting factors.

A stable blood clot formed through a cascade of reactions in either intrinsic or extrinsic pathways.

The smooth lining of blood vessels that helps repel platelets to prevent excessive clotting.

A substance produced by mast cells that inhibits the clotting mechanism.

A protein that inactivates excess thrombin to prevent an overactive clotting cycle.

Tissue fluid that enters lymph capillaries and is returned to the bloodstream.

A major lymphatic vessel that returns lymph from most of the body to the bloodstream.

Structures that contain lymphatic tissue, activated lymphocytes, and macrophages for immune response.

Organ that filters blood, stores platelets, and produces immune responses using B and T cells.

Organ where T lymphocytes mature; its function decreases with age.

Changes in hematologic and lymphatic systems associated with aging.

The breakdown of red blood cells, releasing heme into circulation.

Small masses of lymphatic tissue found beneath mucosal surfaces, involved in immune response.

A substance formed from the breakdown of hemoglobin, excreted through the liver.

The process of delivering blood products to patients by qualified nurses.

A procedure where individuals donate their own blood for future use.

Blood can be stored for 42 days or frozen for longer shelf-life.

A specific form that must be signed before blood transfusions can occur.

Only normal saline should be used to dilute blood; others may be harmful.

Blood must be started within 30 minutes and transfused within 4 hours to prevent risks.

Filters are used during transfusions to prevent harmful particles from entering.

Packed RBCs that have been washed to remove plasma, reducing reactions.

Blood warmed to body temperature during rapid transfusions prevents hypothermia.

Vital signs must be monitored before, during, and after blood transfusions.

Common transfusion reaction with symptoms of fever and chills, often post-transfusion.

Minor allergic reaction during transfusion characterized by hives and possible fever.

Fresh frozen plasma is used to provide clotting factors and replace volume in bleeding disorders.

Used for severe anemia or blood loss, concentrated form of RBCs.

Regular checks are essential to detect any transfusion complications early.

Immature white blood cells that increase during severe infections.

Mature white blood cells ready to fight infections; also called 'segs'.

A test that measures types of white blood cells to assess infections.

Segs increase, bands increase, lymphocytes decrease during a bacterial infection.

Segs decrease, bands decrease, lymphocytes increase during a viral infection.

A procedure to obtain bone marrow for diagnosing disorders.

Tests to evaluate clotting ability in blood.

Measures time for blood to clot, indicating liver function and bleeding risks.

Measures time for blood clot formation; used for heparin therapy.

Measures time to stop bleeding after a puncture; prolonged times indicate disorders.

Tests capillaries' ability to withstand pressure; relates to petechiae appearance.

Imaging procedure to evaluate lymphatic issues using dye and X-ray.

Procedure to determine causes of lymph node enlargement.

Components of blood including RBCs, WBCs, and platelets.

Condition with a deficiency of RBCs, hemoglobin, or both.

Anemia characterized by smaller than normal RBCs.

Genetic enzyme deficiency causing hemolytic anemia under certain conditions.

Anemia caused by lack of intrinsic factor affecting vitamin B12 absorption.

A common cause of anemia due to inadequate iron intake.

Common symptoms include fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath.

Proteins in blood that help in the processes of hemostasis.

Anemia's causes include impaired RBC production, destruction, or blood loss.

A severe reaction from transfusion of incompatible blood causing RBC destruction.

Back pain, chest pain, chills, fever, and shortness of breath that occur rapidly.

Stop the transfusion and notify the healthcare provider immediately.

A rare, severe allergic reaction to components in transfused blood.

Respiratory collapse, gastrointestinal cramping, or uncontrollable diarrhea.

Transfusion-related acute lung injury, causing respiratory distress post-transfusion.

Acute respiratory distress, low SpO2, crackles, and fever with hypotension.

A reaction occurring from too rapid transfusion, especially in elderly patients.

Chest pain, cough, frothy sputum, and distended neck veins.

Immediately stop the transfusion and instigate emergency protocols.

Antihistamines like diphenhydramine may be given for allergic reactions.

High fluid volumes and diuretics may be needed to manage shock.

Older patients are at higher risk for fluid overload and require careful monitoring.

Patients need observation for potential complications for 48 to 96 hours after transfusion.

Balancing activities and rest to save energy.

Activities of daily living that require assistance.

Administer oxygen to ease difficulty in breathing.

Instruct patients on high-iron foods and supplements.

Pernicious anemia requires lifetime vitamin B12 injections.

Foods like red meat and beans that are rich in iron.

Include various food groups to ensure a balanced diet.

Symptoms vary from mild fatigue to severe weakness.

Inflammation of the tongue often linked to nutritional deficiencies.

Good oral care helps maintain oral mucous membrane health.

Citrus, strawberries, kiwis, mangoes, tomatoes, broccoli, peppers, and cabbage are rich in vitamin C.

Iron supplements should be provided between meals with water or vitamin C-rich food to enhance absorption.

Intrinsic factor is a protein that allows for the absorption of vitamin B12 in the intestine.

Vitamin B12 is found in animal products like meats, eggs, and fortified foods such as soy milk and cereals.

Folate is essential for DNA formation and is important for rapidly growing cells, including those in blood and fetal tissue.

Folate can be found in vegetables, fruits, nuts, legumes, animal products, and fortified grains.

Pernicious anemia, caused by B12 deficiency, may include numbness, weakness, memory problems, and a beefy red tongue.

CBC measures red and white blood cell counts, helping diagnose anemia and other blood disorders.

Treatment involves correcting underlying causes, enhancing nutrient intake through diet or supplements, and possibly blood transfusions for acute cases.

Iron deficiency symptoms can include glossitis, fissures at the mouth's corners, and spoon-shaped nails.

Risk factors for B12 deficiency include strict vegetarian diets, weight-loss surgery, and medications like Metformin.

Women of childbearing age should consume 400 mcg of folate daily to prevent fetal neural tube defects.

Monitor hemoglobin and hematocrit levels to assess response to anemia therapy and overall patient status.