Podcast
Questions and Answers
What percentage of plasma or fluid components is made up of water?
What percentage of plasma or fluid components is made up of water?
Water contributes a minimal amount to plasma composition.
Water contributes a minimal amount to plasma composition.
False
What is the primary component of plasma?
What is the primary component of plasma?
Water
Plasma is primarily composed of _____ which makes up about 90% of its volume.
Plasma is primarily composed of _____ which makes up about 90% of its volume.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following components with their description:
Match the following components with their description:
Signup and view all the answers
What is one reason that the cell membrane is important for red blood cells (RBCs)?
What is one reason that the cell membrane is important for red blood cells (RBCs)?
Signup and view all the answers
The biconcave shape of red blood cells decreases their surface area for gas exchange.
The biconcave shape of red blood cells decreases their surface area for gas exchange.
Signup and view all the answers
Why is the flexibility of the cell membrane crucial for RBCs when navigating through capillaries?
Why is the flexibility of the cell membrane crucial for RBCs when navigating through capillaries?
Signup and view all the answers
The cell membrane's _____ shape increases the surface area for gas exchange.
The cell membrane's _____ shape increases the surface area for gas exchange.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following characteristics of red blood cells to their functions:
Match the following characteristics of red blood cells to their functions:
Signup and view all the answers
What percentage of total leukocytes does the defined cell type compose?
What percentage of total leukocytes does the defined cell type compose?
Signup and view all the answers
The nucleus of the cell is formed from 2-4 lobes.
The nucleus of the cell is formed from 2-4 lobes.
Signup and view all the answers
What color is the cytoplasm of the cell when stained?
What color is the cytoplasm of the cell when stained?
Signup and view all the answers
The granules of this cell type are responsible for intracellular digestion of __________ particles.
The granules of this cell type are responsible for intracellular digestion of __________ particles.
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following functions do these cells perform? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following functions do these cells perform? (Select all that apply)
Signup and view all the answers
These cells can only act as graft rejection cells.
These cells can only act as graft rejection cells.
Signup and view all the answers
What cytokine inhibits viral replication?
What cytokine inhibits viral replication?
Signup and view all the answers
These cells can secrete many lymphokines, including __________ which attract macrophages to the site of infection.
These cells can secrete many lymphokines, including __________ which attract macrophages to the site of infection.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the cytokines with their functions:
Match the cytokines with their functions:
Signup and view all the answers
What are the primary types of myeloid tissue?
What are the primary types of myeloid tissue?
Signup and view all the answers
Lymphatic tissue includes only lymph nodes and the spleen.
Lymphatic tissue includes only lymph nodes and the spleen.
Signup and view all the answers
Name one type of tissue involved in the immune response.
Name one type of tissue involved in the immune response.
Signup and view all the answers
Myeloid tissues are primarily located in the _____ marrow.
Myeloid tissues are primarily located in the _____ marrow.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following components with their function:
Match the following components with their function:
Signup and view all the answers
What contributes to the yellow color of inactive bone marrow?
What contributes to the yellow color of inactive bone marrow?
Signup and view all the answers
Inactive yellow bone marrow can be converted to red bone marrow under certain conditions.
Inactive yellow bone marrow can be converted to red bone marrow under certain conditions.
Signup and view all the answers
What type of cells are primarily found in yellow bone marrow?
What type of cells are primarily found in yellow bone marrow?
Signup and view all the answers
Inactive yellow bone marrow is present in the cavity of _____ bone in adults.
Inactive yellow bone marrow is present in the cavity of _____ bone in adults.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following descriptions with the correct features of yellow bone marrow:
Match the following descriptions with the correct features of yellow bone marrow:
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Blood Histology
- Blood is a fluid connective tissue composed of cells, fibers, and plasma
- Blood constitutes 55% of the total blood volume
- Plasma is a yellowish fluid acting as a medium for circulating cells and metabolic substances
- Plasma is composed of approximately 90% water, 7% proteins (albumin, fibrinogen, globulins), and traces of other organic molecules like vitamins, lipids, and hormones.
Cellular Components of Blood
- Erythrocytes (RBCs):
- Number: 5-5.5 million per cubic millimeter in males, 4.5-5 million in females
- Functions: transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
- Shape: biconcave discs, lacking a nucleus in mature form
- Life span: ~120 days
- Abnormalities: Anemia (decreased number), types include deficiency, hemorrhagic, and hemolytic anemia
- Leukocytes (WBCs):
- Types:
- Granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils)
- Agranulocytes (lymphocytes, monocytes)
- Types:
- Platelets (thrombocytes):
- Functions: blood clotting
- Origin: megakaryocytes in bone marrow
- Lifespan: 7-10 days
Action of Erythropoietin
- Erythropoietin is a hormone that regulates red blood cell production
- When oxygen levels in the blood are low, the kidneys release erythropoietin
- Erythropoietin stimulates the red bone marrow to produce more red blood cells
- Increased red blood cells increase the oxygen-carrying ability of the blood
- This results in a reversal of the initial low oxygen condition.
Hematopoiesis
- Hematopoiesis is the process of blood cell formation
- Occurs in specialized tissues in the body like bone marrow
- Myeloid tissue consists of two types, Yellow bone marrow, and Red bone marrow
- Yellow bone marrow is mostly inactive, containing mostly adipose tissue.
- Red bone marrow contains hematopoietic stem cells which are responsible for the production of blood cells.
- In adults, most bone marrow is yellow except vertebrae, sternum, epiphyses of long bones where red marrow is found.
- Embryonic Blood Elements Development:
- Mesoblastic phase (first two months) occurs in mesenchymal areas of vascular and placental tissue
- Hepatic phase (months 2-5) takes place in the liver
- The various types of blood cells are formed from pluripotent stem cells in the bone marrow
- The stroma is composed of fixed cells including: reticular cells, osteogenic cells, fat cells, and endothelial cells
- Blood sinusoids are spaces within the bone marrow that allow developing blood cells access to systemic circulation
- Free cells are developing blood cells in various stages, originating from CFUs (colony forming units)
Other Blood Components
- Reticulocytes: immature RBCs, still have some organelles
- Certain congenital abnormalities in cell membrane of RBCs can lead to spherocytosis and sickle cell anemia
- Different types of leukocytes exist differentiated by their staining properties and nuclei shapes
- Natural Killer Cells (NK cells): Lymphocytes capable of killing abnormal cells. They differentiate in the lymphoid organs rather than the bone marrow.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Explore the essential components of blood, including its composition and cellular elements. This quiz covers the functions of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets, as well as common disorders such as anemia. Test your knowledge on the intricate details of blood histology.
