Blood Groups and Rh Factor Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which blood group genotype can produce an A antigen?

AA or AO (correct)

BB or BO

What is the phenotype associated with the OO genotype?

Which blood group has no antibodies in its plasma?

AB (correct)

What type of antibody is found in the plasma of an individual with blood group B?

Anti-A Signup and view all the answers

What is the dominant gene responsible for producing the B antigen?

B Signup and view all the answers

What can cause fetal RBCs to leak into the maternal circulation?

Damaged placental membranes Signup and view all the answers

When is the leakage of fetal RBCs most likely to occur?

During intense uterine contractions of labor Signup and view all the answers

How long does it typically take for a mother to produce appreciable amounts of anti-D antibodies after leakage?

6-8 weeks Signup and view all the answers

What is typically the outcome for the fetus during the mother's first pregnancy regarding anti-D antibodies?

No harm done Signup and view all the answers

What stimulates the production of anti-D antibodies in the mother?

Fetal RBCs in the maternal circulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the genotype for an individual who inherits the D allele from both parents?

DD Signup and view all the answers

Which genotypes result in a Rhesus positive blood type?

DD and Dd Signup and view all the answers

What condition might occur when an Rh-negative woman has a child with an Rh-positive father?

Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn Signup and view all the answers

If a child has a dd genotype, what does that indicate about the parents' alleles?

Both parents contributed a d allele. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the D-gene and d allele is true?

The D-gene is dominant over the d allele. Signup and view all the answers

What causes hemolysis in the fetus during Rhesus Disease?

Maternal antibodies crossing the placental barrier Signup and view all the answers

What is one common syndrome associated with Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn?

Hydrops foetalis Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of increased hemolysis in Rhesus Disease?

Elevated levels of bile pigments Signup and view all the answers

Why is Rhesus Disease usually more severe in subsequent pregnancies?

Maternal antibody response becomes stronger Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indicator of jaundice caused by Rhesus Disease in newborns?

Accumulation of bilirubin Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of Hydrops Foetalis?

The fetus is characterized by edema or swelling. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement describes Icterus Gravis Neonatorum?

Jaundice occurs within 24 hours after birth. Signup and view all the answers

What can occur to the fetus in cases of Hydrops Foetalis?

The fetus may die in-utero. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key preventive measure for Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn?

Avoiding Rhesus positive blood transfusions to Rhesus negative females. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a typical outcome in cases of Hydrops Foetalis?

Neonates may die shortly after birth. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of administering anti-D immunoglobulin to a rhesus-negative mother after delivery?

To prevent Rh incompatibility in future pregnancies Signup and view all the answers

Which procedure is considered the best treatment for severe hemolytic diseases like hydrops fetalis?

Exchange blood transfusion (EBT) Signup and view all the answers

In the exchange blood transfusion (EBT) procedure, what is replaced with compatible rhesus-negative blood?

The neonate’s blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in managing potential Rhesus incompatibility in expecting couples?

Conduct medical premarital genetic testing and counseling Signup and view all the answers

How is blood withdrawn from the neonate during the EBT procedure?

Via a catheter through the umbilical vein Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Rhesus Blood Group Inheritance

Rhesus blood group inheritance is similar to ABO blood groups.
The gene responsible is the D gene.
When the D gene is absent from the chromosome, it's space is occupied by an alleleomorph called 'd'.
If both parents give D, the resulting genotype is DD (homozygous).
If parents contribute D and d, the resulting genotype is Dd (heterozygous).
If parents contribute two 'd', the resulting genotype is dd (homozygous), which is Rhesus negative.
DD and Dd are Rhesus positive.

Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn (Rh Incompatibility)

This is an abnormal condition.
It results when a Rhesus negative woman conceives for a Rhesus positive man.
During pregnancy with a Rhesus positive foetus, some fetal RBCs may enter the maternal circulation.
This stimulates the production of anti-D antibodies in the mother.

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Description

Test your knowledge on blood group genotypes, phenotypes, and the Rh factor. This quiz covers topics such as antigen production, antibody presence, and maternal-fetal blood circulation issues. Perfect for students of biology or anyone interested in hematology!