Blood Groups and Blood Transfusions Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is another name for a blood group?

Blood type

What is the basis for the classification of blood groups?

Presence or absence of inherited antigenic substances on the surface of red blood cells.

What are the types of antigens present on red blood cells?

  • Proteins
  • Carbohydrates
  • Glycoproteins
  • Glycolipids
  • All of the above (correct)

    • Which blood group system is most significant for human blood transfusions?

    <p>ABO blood group system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ABO blood types are only found in humans.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for antigens due to their ability to cause agglutination of RBCs?

    <p>Agglutinogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who discovered the ABO Blood Group System?

    <p>Karl Landsteiner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year was the ABO Blood Group System discovered?

    <p>1901</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who discovered type AB blood?

    <p>Adriano Sturli and Alfred von Decastello</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year was Landsteiner awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine?

    <p>1930</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited with the first classification of blood into the four types (A, B, AB, O)?

    <p>Janský</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year was the four types of blood (A, B, AB, O) first classified?

    <p>1907</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who successfully transfused blood between two people at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York?

    <p>Reuben Ottenberg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Reuben Ottenberg was the first to record pre-transfusion testing for blood compatibility.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year was Ottenberg awarded the Karl Landsteiner Award?

    <p>1954</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Landsteiner Rule?

    <p>If an antigen is present on a patient's red blood cells (RBCs), the corresponding antibody will NOT be present in the patient's plasma under 'normal conditions'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the ABO blood group?

    <p>Presence or absence of antigen A and antigen B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the antigen and antibody present in blood group A?

    <p>Antigen A is present and Anti-B antibody is present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basis of blood grouping?

    <p>Agglutination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is agglutination?

    <p>The collection of red blood cells into clumps or masses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is isoagglutinin?

    <p>The interaction of an antigen with its corresponding antibody</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for someone giving blood?

    <p>Donor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered during blood transfusions?

    <p>Antigen of the donor and the antibody of the recipient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The antibody of the donor and antigen of the recipient do not need to be considered during transfusion.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Red blood cells of blood group O have no antigen.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can blood group O be given to any blood group person?

    <p>Because it has no antigen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are blood group O people called?

    <p>Universal donors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Plasma of AB group blood has antibodies.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can AB blood group receive blood from any blood group person?

    <p>Because it has no antibody</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are AB group people called?

    <p>Universal recipients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In mismatched transfusion, the transfusion reactions occur between donor's plasma and recipient's RBC.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Agglutination occurs because the antibodies are diluted in the recipient's blood.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another, more common name for Erythroblastosis Fetalis?

    <p>Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Erythroblastosis Fetalis is caused by the agglutination and phagocytosis of the fetus's red blood cells.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Erythroblastosis Fetalis occurs when the mother is Rh positive and the father is Rh negative.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the symptoms of Erythroblastosis Fetalis in the fetus?

    <p>Enlarged liver, spleen, or heart, fluid buildup in the fetus' abdomen, seen via ultrasound.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the symptoms of Erythroblastosis Fetalis in the newborn?

    <p>Anemia creating pallor (pale skin), Jaundice (yellow discoloration of the skin, sclera, or mucus membrane), Enlargement of the newborn's liver and spleen, Severe edema of the entire body, Dyspnea (difficulty breathing).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many major blood group systems were recognized by the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT) in October 2012?

    <p>Thirty-five</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Besides the ABO and Rh antigens, only a few other antigens are expressed on red blood cells.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Many blood group systems were named after the patients in whom the corresponding antibodies were initially encountered.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a blood group?

    <p>None of the above (K)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Blood transfusion is the process of receiving blood products intravenously.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What medical conditions are blood transfusions used for?

    <p>To replace lost components of the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Modern medical practice prefers to transfuse whole blood instead of individual blood components.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who pioneered the first blood transfusion from animal to human?

    <p>Richard Lower</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who performed the successful first whole blood transfusion to treat haemophilia?

    <p>Dr. Blundell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Before a blood transfusion, only compatibility needs to be considered.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two sources of blood used in transfusions?

    <p>One's own (autologous transfusion) or someone else's (allogeneic or homologous transfusion)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Autologous transfusions are more common than allogeneic or homologous transfusions.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common way blood is donated?

    <p>Donated as whole blood intravenously and collected with an anticoagulant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to donated blood after it is collected?

    <p>Donated blood is usually subjected to processing to make it suitable for use in specific patient populations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of separating blood into components called?

    <p>Centrifugation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the components of blood that are separated by centrifugation?

    <p>Red blood cells, plasma, platelets, albumin protein, clotting factor concentrates, cryoprecipitate, fibrinogen concentrate, and immunoglobulins (antibodies)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All donated blood is tested for infections

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All donated blood is tested for ABO and Rh groups but not antibodies.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an additional step that is commonly done to donated blood?

    <p>Pathogen Reduction treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions are blood transfusions necessary for?

    <p>All of the above (F)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the health status of a blood donor be?

    <p>Healthy, without any diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some examples of diseases that a blood donor should be free from?

    <p>All of the above (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Only the donor's blood type needs to be considered for transfusion.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Matching and cross-matching are not necessary before blood transfusions.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Rh compatibility is not important before blood transfusions.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the condition of any transfusion apparatus be?

    <p>Sterile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the temperature of the blood to be transfused be?

    <p>Same as the body temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The transfusion of blood should be rapid.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the procedure called that involves removing the patient's blood completely and replacing it with fresh blood or plasma from a donor?

    <p>Exchange transfusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of exchange transfusion?

    <p>Life-saving procedure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some conditions where exchange transfusion is performed?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Blood Groups and Blood Transfusions

    • Blood grouping is based on the presence or absence of inherited antigenic substances on red blood cells (RBCs). These antigens can be proteins, carbohydrates, glycoproteins, or glycolipids.
    • The ABO blood group system is the most important in human blood transfusions.
    • The ABO blood group system includes four blood types: A, B, AB, and O.
    • Each blood type has a specific combination of antigens and antibodies.
    • Blood with antigen A has anti-B antibodies.
    • Blood with antigen B has anti-A antibodies.
    • Blood with antigens A and B has no antibodies.
    • Blood with no antigens has both anti-A and anti-B antibodies.
    • Karl Landsteiner discovered the ABO blood group system in 1901.
    • Adriano Sturli and Alfred von Decastello discovered blood type AB in 1902.
    • Landsteiner received the 1930 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work.
    • Janjsky classified blood into four types in 1907.
    • Reuben Ottenberg performed the first blood transfusion between two people in New York at Mount Sinai Hospital and recorded pre-transfusion testing for compatibility in a clinical setting.
    • Landsteiner Rule: If an antigen is present on a patient's RBCs, the corresponding antibody will NOT be present in the patient's plasma (under normal conditions).
    • Blood grouping is done based on agglutination.
    • Agglutination occurs when antigens mix with their corresponding antibodies.
    • Compatibility is crucial in blood transfusions; only compatible blood can be used.
    • The donor's antigen and recipient's antibody are considered during transfusion.
    • O type blood is considered the universal donor.
    • AB type blood is considered the universal recipient.
    • Transfusion reactions can be mild or severe, involving fever, hives, or leading to renal failure, shock, and death. Factors include: donor's RBC and recipient's plasma
    • Other blood group systems include the Rh system.
    • The Rh blood group system has 50 defined blood group antigens, with six common types (C, D, E, c, d, and e). D type is most prevalent.
    • Rh positive people have the D antigen while Rh negative people do not.
    • Erythroblastosis fetalis is a disease in the fetus characterized by agglutination and phagocytosis of the fetus's red blood cells. This can occur when the mother is Rh negative and the father is Rh positive, with the resulting baby inheriting the Rh-positive antigen from the father.
    • Symptoms may include enlarged liver and spleen or fluid buildup. Newborn symptoms may include anemia, jaundice, and edema.
    • Exchange transfusion is a life-saving procedure for conditions like severe jaundice, sickle cell anemia, or erythroblastosis fetalis.
    • Donated blood undergoes processing and testing to ensure safety and quality for recipients.
    • Tests include those for infections like HIV, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, and syphilis, along with ABO and Rh tests to determine blood groups and red blood cell antibodies.

    Precautions

    • Donors must be healthy and free from specific diseases (e.g., sexually transmitted diseases, viral infections).

    Precautions During Transfusion

    • Apparatus must be sterile.
    • Blood temperature must match body temperature
    • Infusion must be slow.

    Adverse Effects of Blood Transfusions

    • Several adverse effects can occur, grouped into immunological or infectious categories.
    • Examples include acute hemolytic reaction, delayed hemolytic reaction, allergic reactions, post-transfusion purpura, transfusion-associated acute lung injury, and viral infections (e.g., HIV, hepatitis C).

    Exchange Transfusion

    • A procedure removing a patient's blood and replacing it with fresh blood or plasma from a donor.
    • Used in life-threatening conditions like severe jaundice, sickle cell anemia, and erythroblastosis fetalis.

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    ABO Blood Groups PowerPoint Presentation PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on blood groups and the importance of blood transfusions. This quiz covers the ABO blood group system, its discovery, and key characteristics of each blood type. Dive into the fascinating world of immunology and learn about the life-saving implications of understanding blood types.

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